Endomorphism monoids of bands

\({\mathcal D}\)-classes compatible mappings congruence endomorphism monoids graphs left distributive bands left zero semigroups monoid of endomorphisms semilattices structural semilattices universal category variety of regular involution bands

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General structure theory for semigroups (20M10) Mappings of semigroups (20M15) Semigroups of transformations, relations, partitions, etc. (20M20)

Review text

Let End(A) denote the monoid of all endomorphisms of an algebra A. A number of authors have been concerned with the problem of determining to what extent the structure of End(A) determines the structure of A for A within some variety V and the present authors are concerned with the problem as well. First of all, it is well known that the decomposition of a band B into \({\mathcal D}\)-classes is a congruence on B and the resulting quotient semigroup is a semilattice which is referred to as the structural semilattice of B. The authors prove that for every monoid M, there exist at most two nonisomorphic semilattices \(B_ 1\) and \(B_ 2\) of left zero semigroups such that \(End(B_ 1)\) and \(End(B_ 2)\) are both isomorphic to M. Moreover, if \(End(B_ 1)\) and \(End(B_ 2)\) are isomorphic but \(B_ 1\) and \(B_ 2\) are not, then their structural semilattices are anti-isomorphic chains. An analogous result holds for semilattices of right zero semigroups. They further prove that for every monoid M there exist at most four nonisomorphic left distributive bands whose endomorphism monoids are isomorphic to M. They also investigate the situation at the other end of the spectrum. A concrete category is called universal if a full subcategory is isomorphic to the category of all graphs and compatible mappings. It is known that if K is a universal category, M is any monoid and \(\alpha\) is any cardinal number, then there exist \(\alpha\) objects in K whose endomorphism monoids are all isomorphic to M but the objects are mutually rigid. The present authors show, for example, that the variety of regular involution bands is universal. They also investigate the category Band(S) of bands with a given quotient semilattice S where the morphisms are homomorphisms of bands which induce the identity mapping on their common structural quotient semilattice and they prove the existence of a finite semilattice S such that Band(S) is universal.

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