Entropy and flatness in local algebraic dynamics

DOI10.5565/PUBLMAT_57213_12MaRDI QIDQ2637445zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Mahdi Majidi-Zolbanin, Nikita Miasnikov, Lucien Szpiro

Publication date 11 February 2014

Published in Publicacions Matemàtiques (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.6438, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.pm/1386857707

endomorphism of finite length Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity Kunz regularity local algebraic dynamical systems local entropy

Hilbert-Samuel and Hilbert-Kunz functions; Poincaré series (13D40) Local structure of morphisms in algebraic geometry: étale, flat, etc. (14B25) Arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynamical systems involving polynomial and rational maps (37P05) Arithmetic dynamics on general algebraic varieties (37P55) Arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynamical systems (37P99)

Abstract: We introduce and study a notion of algebraic entropy for self-maps of finite length of Noetherian local rings, and develop its properties. We show that it shares the standard properties of topological entropy. For finite self-maps we explore the connection between the degree of the map and its algebraic entropy, when the ring is a Cohen-Macaulay domain. As an application of algebraic entropy, we give a characteristic-free interpretation of the definition of Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity.

Review text

\((R,\varphi)\) is defined to be a local algebraic dynamical system if \(R\) is a noetherian local ring with maximal ideal \(\mathfrak m\) and \(\varphi:R\rightarrow R\) is a local homomorphism such that \(\varphi(\mathfrak m)R\) is \(\mathfrak m\)-primary. Such a situation arises for the local ring at a fixed point under a finite self-morphism of an algebraic variety. In this paper, the authors introduce the following new invariant, called the local entropy, and explore many properties: \[ h_{\mathrm{loc}}(\varphi) = \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} \frac 1n \log\left(\mathrm{length}_R(R/\varphi^n(\mathfrak m )R)\right). \] In Theorem 1, they show that (1) \(0\leq h_{\mathrm{loc}}(\varphi) < \infty\), (2) if \(R\) is of dimension \(d\) and of embedding dimension \(\delta\), then any \(\varphi\) which is contracting (i.e. \(\varphi^\delta(\mathfrak m) \subset \mathfrak m^2\)) satisfies \(\delta h_{\mathrm{loc}}(\varphi) \geq d \log 2\), (3) if \(R\) is of characteristic \(p>0\), then \(h_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathrm{Frob}_R) = d\log p\). The local entropy shares many properties with topological entropy. For example, the local entropy of the \(m\)-th iterate of \(\varphi\) is \(m h_{\mathrm{loc}}(\varphi)\), and the local entropy on a finite union of closed \(\varphi\)-stable subspaces is the maximum of the local entropies on the subspaces. The authors also compare \(h_{\mathrm{loc}}(\varphi)\) with invariants of endomorphisms on germs of analytic functions, studied in [\textit{C. Favre} and \textit{M. Jonsson}, Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 40, No. 2, 309--349 (2007; Zbl 1135.37018)]. The authors then study regular local rings. \textit{E. Kunz} [Am. J. Math. 91, 772--784 (1969; Zbl 0188.33702)] proved that \(R\) of characteristic \(p>0\) is regular \(\Longleftrightarrow \mathrm{Frob}_R\) is flat \(\Longleftrightarrow \mathrm{length}(R/(\mathrm{Frob}_R(\mathfrak m)R) )= p^d\). In Theorem 2, they generalize this to any \((R,\varphi)\): \(R\) is regular \(\Longrightarrow \varphi\) is flat \(\Longrightarrow \mathrm{length}(R/(\varphi(\mathfrak m)R) ) = e^{h_{\mathrm{loc}}(\varphi)}\), and all three become equivalent when \(\varphi\) is contracting. This inspires the authors to define Hilbert--Kunz multiplicity for any \((R,\varphi)\) regardless of characteristic, generalizing the case of \(\mathrm{Frob}_R\) treated in [\textit{P. Monsky}, Math. Ann. 263, 43-49 (1983; Zbl 0509.13023)]. For non-regular rings, it still remains open if this multiplicity even exists. Finally, in Theorem 3, the authors show that any local algebraic dynamical system can be lifted to that on an equicharacteristic complete regular local ring. This is inspired by \textit{N. Fakhruddin} [J. Ramanujan Math. Soc. 18, No. 2, 109--122 (2003; Zbl 1053.14025)] and \textit{A. Bhatnagar} and \textit{L. Szpiro} [J. Algebra 351, No. 1, 251--253 (2012; Zbl 1254.37066)], where a polarized self-morphism of a projective variety is extended to an ambient projective space.

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