Epimorphisms between finitely generated algebras

DOI10.1016/J.INDAG.2025.04.006MaRDI QIDQ6934082zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Luca Carai, Miriam Kurtzhals, Tommaso Moraschini

Publication date 3 September 2025

Published in Indagationes Mathematicae. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDAG.2025.04.006

congruence distributive congruence permutable discriminator variety epimorphism surjectivity filtral variety near unanimity term quasivariety variety

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Epimorphisms, monomorphisms, special classes of morphisms, null morphisms (18A20)

Review text

A quasivariety has the \textit{weak ES property} when the epimorphisms between its finitely generated members are surjective. This paper gives a characterization of quasivarieties with the weak ES property, providing a method for detecting failures of this property in quasivarieties with a near unanimity term and in congruence permutable varieties.\N\NThe main results of the paper are Theorem 3.5, Theorem 4.3, Theorem 5.3 and Theorem 6.1, which go as follows in order:\N\NTheorem 1. A quasivariety \textsf{K} has the weak ES property iff for every finitely generated \(\boldsymbol{B}\in\mathsf{K}\) and \(\boldsymbol{A}\leq \boldsymbol{B}\) that is full in \textsf{K} one of the following conditions holds:\N\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[1.] There are two distinct \(\theta,\phi\in\mathsf{Con}_{\mathsf{K}}\left(\boldsymbol{B}\right)\) such that \(\theta\upharpoonright_{\boldsymbol{A}}=\phi\upharpoonright_{\boldsymbol{A}}\);\N\N\item[2.] There are two disrinct embeddings \(g,h:\boldsymbol{B}\rightarrow\boldsymbol{C}\) with \(\boldsymbol{C}\in\mathsf{K}_{\mathrm{RSI}}\) such that \(g\upharpoonright_{\boldsymbol{A}}=h\upharpoonright_{\boldsymbol{A}}\).\N\end{itemize}\NMoreover, if condition 1 holds, we may assume that \(\theta=\mathrm{id}_{\boldsymbol{B}}\).\N\NTheorem 2. Let \textsf{K} be a quasivariety with a near unanimity term of arity \(n\). Then \textsf{K} has the weak ES property iff every finitely generated subdirect product \(\boldsymbol{A}\leq\boldsymbol{A}_{1}\times\cdots \times\boldsymbol{A}_{n-1}\) with \(\mathsf{K}_{\mathrm{RFSI}}\) lacks subalgebras that are fully epic in \textsf{K}.\N\NTheorem 3. Let \textsf{K} be a congruence permutable variety. Then \textsf{K} has the weak ES property iff the finitely generated members of \(\mathsf{K}_{\mathrm{FSI}}\) lacks subalgebras that are fully epic in \textsf{K}.\N\NTheorem 4. Let \textsf{K} be a congruence distributive quasivariety for which \(\mathsf{K}_{\mathrm{RFSI}}\) is closed under nontrivial subalgebras. If \textsf{K} has the weak ES property, then \(\mathbb{V}\left(\mathsf{K}\right)\) is arithmetical.\N\NTheorem 4.3 and Theorem 5.3 strengthen similar observations on the surjectivity of all \textsf{K}-epimorphisms [\textit{M. Campercholi}, J. Symb. Log. 83, No. 1, 40--54 (2018; Zbl 1428.18002), Theorem 6.4 and Theorem 6.8] so that the named authors can dispense with the theory of definability [\textit{M. Campercholi} and \textit{D. Vaggione}, Algebra Univers. 76, No. 1, 71--98 (2016; Zbl 1402.03040)], sheaf representations [\textit{H. Gramaglia} and \textit{D. Vaggione}, Stud. Log. 56, No. 1--2, 111--131 (1996; Zbl 0854.08006); \textit{P. H. Krauss} and \textit{D. M. Clark}, Global subdirect products. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1979; Zbl 0421.08001)] and the infinitary Baker-Pixley Theorem [\textit{D. J. Vaggione}, Algebra Univers. 79, No. 3, Paper No. 67, 14 p. (2018; Zbl 1472.08004)], which played a major role therein.

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