Epimorphisms between finitely generated algebras (Q6934082)

A quasivariety has the \textit{weak ES property} when the epimorphisms between its finitely generated members are surjective. This paper gives a characterization of quasivarieties with the weak ES property, providing a method for detecting failures of this property in quasivarieties with a near unanimity term and in congruence permutable varieties.\N\NThe main results of the paper are Theorem 3.5, Theorem 4.3, Theorem 5.3 and Theorem 6.1, which go as follows in order:\N\NTheorem 1. A quasivariety \textsf{K} has the weak ES property iff for every finitely generated \(\boldsymbol{B}\in\mathsf{K}\) and \(\boldsymbol{A}\leq \boldsymbol{B}\) that is full in \textsf{K} one of the following conditions holds:\N\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[1.] There are two distinct \(\theta,\phi\in\mathsf{Con}_{\mathsf{K}}\left(\boldsymbol{B}\right)\) such that \(\theta\upharpoonright_{\boldsymbol{A}}=\phi\upharpoonright_{\boldsymbol{A}}\);\N\N\item[2.] There are two disrinct embeddings \(g,h:\boldsymbol{B}\rightarrow\boldsymbol{C}\) with \(\boldsymbol{C}\in\mathsf{K}_{\mathrm{RSI}}\) such that \(g\upharpoonright_{\boldsymbol{A}}=h\upharpoonright_{\boldsymbol{A}}\).\N\end{itemize}\NMoreover, if condition 1 holds, we may assume that \(\theta=\mathrm{id}_{\boldsymbol{B}}\).\N\NTheorem 2. Let \textsf{K} be a quasivariety with a near unanimity term of arity \(n\). Then \textsf{K} has the weak ES property iff every finitely generated subdirect product \(\boldsymbol{A}\leq\boldsymbol{A}_{1}\times\cdots \times\boldsymbol{A}_{n-1}\) with \(\mathsf{K}_{\mathrm{RFSI}}\) lacks subalgebras that are fully epic in \textsf{K}.\N\NTheorem 3. Let \textsf{K} be a congruence permutable variety. Then \textsf{K} has the weak ES property iff the finitely generated members of \(\mathsf{K}_{\mathrm{FSI}}\) lacks subalgebras that are fully epic in \textsf{K}.\N\NTheorem 4. Let \textsf{K} be a congruence distributive quasivariety for which \(\mathsf{K}_{\mathrm{RFSI}}\) is closed under nontrivial subalgebras. If \textsf{K} has the weak ES property, then \(\mathbb{V}\left(\mathsf{K}\right)\) is arithmetical.\N\NTheorem 4.3 and Theorem 5.3 strengthen similar observations on the surjectivity of all \textsf{K}-epimorphisms [\textit{M. Campercholi}, J. Symb. Log. 83, No. 1, 40--54 (2018; Zbl 1428.18002), Theorem 6.4 and Theorem 6.8] so that the named authors can dispense with the theory of definability [\textit{M. Campercholi} and \textit{D. Vaggione}, Algebra Univers. 76, No. 1, 71--98 (2016; Zbl 1402.03040)], sheaf representations [\textit{H. Gramaglia} and \textit{D. Vaggione}, Stud. Log. 56, No. 1--2, 111--131 (1996; Zbl 0854.08006); \textit{P. H. Krauss} and \textit{D. M. Clark}, Global subdirect products. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1979; Zbl 0421.08001)] and the infinitary Baker-Pixley Theorem [\textit{D. J. Vaggione}, Algebra Univers. 79, No. 3, Paper No. 67, 14 p. (2018; Zbl 1472.08004)], which played a major role therein.