Essential perturbations of polynomial vector fields with a period annulus

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Abstract: In this paper we first give the explicit definition of essential perturbation. Secondly, given a perturbation of a particular family of centers of polynomial differential systems of arbitrary degree for which we explicitly know its Poincar'e--Liapunov constants, we give the structure of its k-th Melnikov function. This result generalizes the result obtained by Chicone and Jacobs for perturbations of degree at most two of any center of a quadratic polynomial system. Moreover we study the essential perturbations for all the centers of the differential systems [ dot{x} , = , -y + P_{ m d}(x,y), quad dot{y} , = , x + Q_{ m d}(x,y), ] where Pmd and Qmd are homogeneous polynomials of degree md, for md=2 and md=3.









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