Etale affine representations of Lie groups
affine manifoldaffine representationsAuslander conjecturefaithful representationfiliform nilpotent Lie algebraLie algebra representationLie groupnilpotent Lie groupRiemannian-flat manifoldssolvable Lie groupétale affine representations
Representations of nilpotent and solvable Lie groups (special orbital integrals, non-type I representations, etc.) (22E27) General geometric structures on manifolds (almost complex, almost product structures, etc.) (53C15) Specialized structures on manifolds (spin manifolds, framed manifolds, etc.) (57R15)
An affine representation \(\alpha: G\to {\mathbf A} {\mathbf f} {\mathbf f} (E)\) of a Lie group \(G\) in a real vector space \(E\) is called étale if there exists some \(v\in E\) whose stabilizer \(G_v\) is discrete in \(G\) and whose \(G\)-orbit \(G\cdot v\) is open in \(E\). Its differential \(\rho: {\mathfrak g} \to {\mathfrak aff} (E)\) is such that the evaluation map \(ev_p:{\mathfrak g} \to E\), \(x\mapsto \rho(x)p= \theta (x)p +u(x)\) is an isomorphism for some \(p\in E\), \((\theta (x) \in {\mathfrak gl} (E)\), \(u(x) \in E)\). Such a Lie algebra representation is called étale again. The question \[ \text{``What Lie algebras admit étale affine representations?} \tag{*} \] is fundamental, and the most difficult case is when \(G\) is nilpotent. There is a canonical one-to-one correspondence between étale affine representations of \(G\) (up to conjugacy) and left-invariant affine structures in \(G\) (up to affine equivalence). So (*) is equivalent to Milnor's question [\textit{J. Milnor}, Adv. Math. 25, 178-187 (1977; Zbl 0364.55001)] \[ \text{``What Lie groups admit left-invariant affine structures?} \tag{**} \] Milnor's conjecture was: Solvable Lie groups do so. In 1995 \textit{Y. Benoist} [J. Differ. Geom. 41, 21-52 (1995; Zbl 0828.22023)] and \textit{D. Burde} and \textit{F. Grunewald} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 99, 239-254 (1995; Zbl 0845.17011)], constructed the first counterexamples. In the paper under review the author presents some new counterexamples, based on the observation that if an \(n\)-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra \({\mathfrak g}\) admits our structure, then \({\mathfrak g}\) has a faithful representation in dimension \(n+1\) and, next, constructing in dimensions 10 and 11 suitable examples having no faithful representation in dimension \(\dim {\mathfrak g}+1\). For the entire collection see [Zbl 0878.00054].
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