Counterexample to a conjecture about braces.

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Abstract: We find an example of a finite solvable group (in fact, a finite p-group) without any left brace structure (equiv. which is not an IYB group). Our argument is an improvement of an argument of Rump, using previous work in other areas of Burde, and of Featherstonhaugh, Caranti and Childs, which we relate to brace theory.


The paper provides a counterexample for a conjecture which arose in connection with braces, a ring-like structure generalizing radical rings. The adjoint group of a brace is connected with the additive group by a 1-cocycle, and conversely, every bijective 1-cocycle comes from a brace. For a finite brace, the adjoint group is solvable. So the question arose whether conversely, every finite solvable group is the adjoint group of a brace. For \(\mathbb R\)-linear braces, a similar question is Milnor's 1977 conjecture, equivalent to the assertion that every simply connected solvable Lie group is isomorphic to the adjoint group of an \(\mathbb R\)-brace [\textit{J. W. Milnor}, Adv. Math. 25, 178-187 (1977; Zbl 0364.55001)]. Milnor proved that the Lie groups in question are exactly the connected Lie groups which admit a free action of the affine group on a finite space. Such groups are solvable. However, the converse was believed to be true until \textit{Y. Benoist} constructed a counterexample [J. Differ. Geom. 41, No. 1, 21-52 (1995; Zbl 0828.22023)] by means of a filiform Lie algebra of dimension 11, which led to a nilvariety without an affine structure. The paper extends this to the discrete case where some battle with the characteristic has to be fought.




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