On Engel groups, nilpotent groups, rings, braces and the Yang-Baxter equation

DOI10.1090/TRAN/7179MaRDI QIDQ4567897zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Agata Smoktunowicz

Publication date 20 June 2018

Published in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.00420

zbMATH Keywords

bracesYang-Baxter equationEngel groupnilpotent groupnil algebrasnil ringsadjoint group of a ring

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Yang-Baxter equations (16T25) Nil and nilpotent radicals, sets, ideals, associative rings (16N40) Growth rate, Gelfand-Kirillov dimension (16P90) General radicals and associative rings (16N80)

Abstract: It is shown that over an arbitrary field there exists a nil algebra $R$ whose adjoint group $R^o$ is not an Engel group. This answers a question by Amberg and Sysak from 1997 [5] and answers related questions from [3, 44]. The case of an uncountable field also answers a recent question by Zelmanov. In [38], Rump introduced braces and radical chains $A^{n+1}=Acdot{A}^n$ and $A^{(n+1)}=A^{(n)}cdotA$ of a brace $A$. We show that the adjoint group $A^o$ of a finite right brace is a nilpotent group if and only if $A^{(n)}=0$ for some $n$. We also show that the adjoint group of $A^o$ of a finite left brace $A$ is a nilpotent group if and only if $A^n=0$ for some $n$. Moreover, if $A^o$ is a nilpotent group then $A$ is the direct sum of braces whose cardinatities are powers of prime numbers. Notice that $A^o$ is sometimes called the multiplicative group of a brace $A$ (for example in [13]). We also introduce a chain of ideals $A^{[n]}$ of a left brace $A$ and then use it to investigate braces which satisfy $A^n=0$ and $A^{(m)}=0$ for some $m,n$ (Theorems 2, 3). In Section 2 we describe connections between our results and braided groups and the Yang-Baxter equation. It is worth noticing that by a result by Gateva-Ivanova [17] braces are in one-to-one correspondence with braided groups with involutive braided operators.

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Cited in

(63)

• On left braces in which every subbrace is an ideal
• Schur covers of skew braces
• Post-groups, (Lie-)Butcher groups and the Yang-Baxter equation
• Skew left braces and 2-reductive solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation
• Groups, Lie rings and braces
• Classification of braces of cardinality \(p^4\)
• More on skew braces and their ideals
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• From braces to pre-Lie rings
• Generalized nilpotent braces and nilpotent groups
• A note on Garside monoids and \({\mathcal{M}} \)-braces
• Classification of right nilpotent \(\mathbb{F}_p\)-braces of cardinality \(p^5\)
• Torsion subgroups, solvability and the Engel condition in associative rings
• Distributive biracks and solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation
• On bi-skew braces and brace blocks
• On 2-Engel groups and Bruck loops.
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• An abundance of simple left braces with abelian multiplicative Sylow subgroups
• Some braces of cardinality \(p^4\) and related Hopf-Galois extensions
• On the Yang-Baxter equation and left nilpotent left braces
• Generating adjoint groups
• Nilpotency of skew braces and multipermutation solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation
• Constructing finite simple solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation
• Indecomposable involutive set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation and orthogonal dynamical extensions of cycle sets
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• A note on set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation
• A new formula for Lazard's correspondence for finite braces and pre-Lie algebras
• The Yang–Baxter equation and Thompson’s group F
• On \(\lambda \)-homomorphic skew braces
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