Exact Neumann boundary controllability for second order hyperbolic equations
The authors of this work obtain a result concerning exact controllability for second order hyperbolic equations with Neumann boundary control \[ \begin{cases} y-\sum_{i,j =1}^n {\partial\over \partial x_i} \left(a_{ij} (x,t) {\partial y\over \partial x_j} \right)=0\;& \text{ in } Q \\ y(0)= y^0,\;y'(0)=y^1 & \text{ in } \Omega\\ {\partial y\over \partial \nu_A}= \varphi & \text{ on }\Sigma, \end{cases}\tag{1} \] where \(\Omega\) is a bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) with suitably smooth boundary \(\Gamma= \partial\Omega\), \(Q=\Omega \times(0,T)\), \(\Sigma= \Gamma\times (0,T)\), \(T>0\), the \(a_{ij}(x,t)\) are suitably smooth real-valued functions with \(a_{ij} (x,t)= a_{ji} (x,t)\), \(i,j=1, \dots,n\), satisfying \[ \sum^n_{i,j=1} a_{ij} (x,t)\xi_i \xi_j\geq \alpha | \xi|^2, \quad \forall \xi\in \mathbb{R}^n, \quad \forall (x,t)\in Q, \] and the co-normal derivative \(\partial y/ \partial\nu_A\) is equal to \(\sum^n_{i,j=1} a_{ij} (x,t) \nu_i {\partial y\over \partial x_j}\), \(\nu= (\nu_1, \dots, \nu_n)\) being the unit normal on \(\Gamma\) pointing towards the exterior of \(\Omega\). Let \(x^0(t) \in C^1([0,\infty); \mathbb{R}^n)\) and set: \[ \begin{aligned} m(x,t) & =x-x^0(t);\\ \Sigma(x^0) & =\bigl\{(x,t) \in\Sigma: m(x,t)\cdot \nu(x)> 0\bigr\}; \quad \Sigma_*(x^0) =\Sigma- \Sigma(x^0). \end{aligned} \] The main result shows that if \(T>T_0\) for certain \(T_0\) a priori determined or \(T\) is large enough, then the exact boundary controllability of (1) holds true, namely: for all initial states \((y^0,y^1)\in L^2(\Omega) \times(H^1 (\Omega))'\), there exists a control \[ \varphi= \begin{cases} \varphi_0 \text{ on }\Sigma (x^0)\\ \varphi_1\text{ on } \Sigma_*(x^0), \end{cases} \] with \(\varphi_0\in (H^1(\Sigma (x^0)))'\) and \(\varphi_1\in (H^1 (\Sigma_* (x^0)))'\) such that the solution \(y=y(x,t; \varphi)\) of (1) satisfies: \[ y(x,T;\varphi) =0,\;y'(x,T;\varphi) =0\text{ in } \Omega. \] For the proof of this result the authors use the multiplier techniques and the Hilbert Uniqueness Method introduced by Lions. The authors give as a preliminary result the regularity of solutions to Neumann boundary value problems. They also establish an observability inequality.
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