Existence, characterization and stability of Pansu spheres in sub-Riemannian 3-space forms

DOI10.1007/S00526-015-0898-YMaRDI QIDQ889747zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Ana Hurtado, César Rosales

Publication date 9 November 2015

Published in Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.04886

zbMATH Keywords

isoperimetric problemWebster curvaturearea functionalcontact sub-Riemannian manifoldSasakian sub-Riemannian manifold

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Sub-Riemannian geometry (53C17) Differential geometry of immersions (minimal, prescribed curvature, tight, etc.) (53C42)

Abstract: Let $M$ be a complete Sasakian sub-Riemannian $3$-manifold of constant Webster scalar curvature $kappa$. For any point $pinM$ and any number $lambdainmathbbR$ with $lambd{a}^2+kappa>0$, we show existence of a $C^2$ spherical surface $mathcal{S}_{l}ambda(p)$ immersed in $M$ with constant mean curvature $lambda$. Our construction recovers in particular the description of Pansu spheres in the first Heisenberg group and the sub-Riemannian $3$-sphere. Then, we study variational properties of $mathcal{S}_{l}ambda(p)$ related to the area functional. First, we obtain uniqueness results for the spheres $mathcal{S}_{l}ambda(p)$ as critical points of the area under a volume constraint, thus providing sub-Riemannian counterparts to the theorems of Hopf and Alexandrov for CMC surfaces in Riemannian $3$-space forms. Second, we derive a second variation formula for admissible deformations possibly moving the singular set, and prove that $mathcal{S}_{l}ambda(p)$ is a second order minimum of the area for those preserving volume. We finally give some applications of our results to the isoperimetric problem in sub-Riemannian $3$-space forms.

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Cited in

(9)

• Strongly stable surfaces in sub-Riemannian 3-space forms
• Existence of isoperimetric regions in contact sub-Riemannian manifolds
• Sub-Riemannian metrics and isoperimetric problems in the contact case
• Cauchy's surface area formula in the Heisenberg groups
• Complete stable CMC surfaces with empty singular set in Sasakian sub-Riemannian 3-manifolds
• Sub-Riemannian Ricci curvatures and universal diameter bounds for 3-Sasakian manifolds
• Area-minimizing properties of Pansu spheres in the sub-Riemannian 3-sphere
• Free boundary constant p-mean curvature surfaces intersecting the Pansu sphere
• An instability criterion for volume-preserving area-stationary surfaces with singular curves in sub-Riemannian 3-space forms

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