Area-stationary surfaces inside the sub-Riemannian three-sphere

DOI10.1007/S00208-007-0165-4MaRDI QIDQ2465225zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Ana Hurtado, César Rosales

Publication date 9 January 2008

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0608067

zbMATH Keywords

Carnot-Carathéodory distanceconstant mean curvaturestationary surfacessub-Riemannian metric

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Variational problems in a geometric measure-theoretic setting (49Q20) Sub-Riemannian geometry (53C17)

Abstract: We consider the sub-Riemannian metric $g_h$ on $mathbb{S}^3$ provided by the restriction of the Riemannian metric of curvature 1 to the plane distribution orthogonal to the Hopf vector field. We compute the geodesics associated to the Carnot-Carath'eodory distance and we show that, depending on their curvature, they are closed or dense subsets of a Clifford torus. We study area-stationary surfaces with or without a volume constraint in $(mathbb{S}^3,g_h)$. By following the ideas and techniques in [RR] we introduce a variational notion of mean curvature, characterize stationary surfaces, and prove classification results for complete volume-preserving area-stationary surfaces with non-empty singular set. We also use the behaviour of the Carnot-Carath'eodory geodesics and the ruling property of constant mean curvature surfaces to show that the only $C^2$ compact, connected, embedded surfaces in $(mathbb{S}^3,g_h)$ with empty singular set and constant mean curvature $H$ such that $H/sqrt1+H^2$ is an irrational number, are Clifford tori. Finally we describe which are the complete rotationally invariant surfaces with constant mean curvature in $(mathbb{S}^3,g_h)$.

Review text

Let \(g_h\) be the sub-Riemannian metric on \({\text{S}^{3}}\) constructed as the restriction of the Riemannian metric of volume 1 to the plane distribution orthogonal to the Hopf vector field. The geodesics associated to the Carnot-Carathéodory distance are computed. They are proved to be closed or dense subsets of a Clifford torus. By analogy with [\textit{M. Ritoré} and \textit{C. Rosales}, Area-stationary surfaces in the Heisenberg group \(H^1\), \url{arxiv:math.DG/0512547} (2005)], some characterizations of area-stationary surfaces with or without a volume constraint in \((\text{S}^{3},g_h)\) are given and some classification results for complete volume-preserving area-stationary surfaces with non-empty singular set are also obtained here. The mean curvature \(H\) of the embedded surfaces \(S\) in \((\text{S}^{3},g_h)\) is introduced in a variational way and it is proved that the only \(C^2\)-compact, connected, such surfaces \(S\) with empty singular set and constant \(H\) which satisfies a certain property, are Clifford tori. The complete rotationally invariant surfaces \(S\) with constant \(H\) are described at the end.

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Cited in

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