Existence and uniqueness for a nonlinear fractional differential equation

DOI10.1006/JMAA.1996.0456MaRDI QIDQ1353677zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 16 February 1998

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1006/jmaa.1996.0456

fractional calculus fractional differential equation initial value problems

Fractional derivatives and integrals (26A33) Initial value problems, existence, uniqueness, continuous dependence and continuation of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34A12) Analytical theory of ordinary differential equations: series, transformations, transforms, operational calculus, etc. (34A25)

Review text

This paper deals with fractional calculus. The fractional primitive of order \(s>0\) of a function \(f:\mathbb{R}^+\to\mathbb{R}\) is given by \[ I^sf(x)= (\Gamma(s))^{-1} \int^x_0(x- t)^{s-1}f(t)dt \] provided the right-side is pointwise defined on \(\mathbb{R}^+\). The fractional derivative of order \(0<s<1\) of a continuous function \(f:\mathbb{R}^+\to\mathbb{R}\) is given by \[ D^sf(x)= (\Gamma(1-s))^{-1}\cdot{d\over dx} \int^x_0(x-t)^{- s}f(t)dt \] provided the right-side is pointwise defined on \(\mathbb{R}^+\). The authors consider the fractional differential equation \[ D^su= f(x,u),\tag{1} \] where \(0<s<1\) and \(f:[0,a]\times \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\), \(0<a\leq+\infty\), is a given function, continuous in \((0,a)\times \mathbb{R}\). Under some assumptions, equation (1) is equivalent to the integral equation \(u(x)= I^sf(x,u(x))\), reduction used systematically in this paper. A real-valued function \(u\in C(0,a)\cap L^1(0,a)\), or \(u\in C(\mathbb{R}^+)\cap L^1_{\text{loc}}(\mathbb{R}^+)\) in the case \(a=+\infty\), with fractional derivative \(D^su\) on \((0,a)\), is a solution of (1) if \(D^su(x)= f(x,u(x))\) for all \(x\in(0,a)\). The authors prove that if \(0\leq\sigma<s<1\), \(f:[0,1]\times \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) is a continuous function in \((0,1]\times\mathbb{R}\) and \(t^\sigma f(t,y)\) is continuous on \([0,1]\times\mathbb{R}\), then (1) has at least one continuous solution on \([0,\delta]\) for a suitable \(\delta\leq 1\). Then, the authors show that uniqueness and global existence of solutions of (1) can be obtained a uniform Lipschitz-type assumption. The last section of the paper concerns initial value problems of the type (1) and \(u(a)= b\) with \(a\in\mathbb{R}^+\) and \(b\in\mathbb{R}\).

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