Expansions and characterizations of sieved random walk polynomials

Abstract: We consider random walk polynomial sequences

(P_{n} (x))_{n i n m a t h b b N_{0}} s u b s e t e q m a t h b b R [x]

given by recurrence relations

P_{0} (x) = 1

,

P_{1} (x) = x

,

x P_{n} (x) = (1 - c_{n}) P_{n + 1} (x) + c_{n} P_{n - 1} (x); (n i n m a t h b b N)

with

(c_{n})_{n i n m a t h b b N} s u b s e t e q (0, 1)

. For every

k i n m a t h b b N

, the

k

-sieved polynomials

(P_{n} (x; k))_{n i n m a t h b b N_{0}}

arise from the recurrence coefficients

c (n; k) := c_{n / k}

if

k | n

and

c (n; k) := 1 / 2

otherwise. A main objective of this paper is to study expansions in the Chebyshev basis

T_{n} (x) : n i n m a t h b b N_{0}

. As an application, we obtain explicit expansions for the sieved ultraspherical polynomials. Moreover, we introduce and study a sieved version

m a t h r m D_{k}

of the Askey-Wilson operator

m a t h c a l D_{q}

. It is motivated by the sieved ultraspherical polynomials, a generalization of the classical derivative and obtained from

m a t h c a l D_{q}

by letting

q

approach a

k

-th root of unity. However, for

k g e q 2

the new operator

m a t h r m D_{k}

on

m a t h b b R [x]

has an infinite-dimensional kernel (in contrast to its ancestor), which leads to additional degrees of freedom and characterization results for

k

-sieved random walk polynomials. Similar characterizations are obtained for a sieved averaging operator

m a t h r m A_{k}

.

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