Expansions of dense linear orders with the intermediate value property
Let \({\mathcal R}\) be a first-order structure expanding a dense linear order \((R,<)\) without endpoints, with the intermediate value property: for any \(a,b\in R\) with \(a<b\), any continuous parametrically definable function \(f:[a,b] \rightarrow R\) takes every value in \(R\) between \(f(a)\) and \(f(b)\). The author develops a model theory for such structures. First, basic topological properties are proved: the condition is equivalent to \(M\) being definably connected, and implies that the image under a definable map of any closed bounded set is closed and bounded. Next, it is shown that any definable ordered group structure on \(R\) is divisible and abelian, and any definable proper subgroup of such a group is dense and codense (except in a case which is elementarily equivalent to the integers as a subgroup of the rationals). The last example is axiomatised (with a quantifier elimination provided) in an appendix. Examples of such expansions \({\mathcal R}\) with the intermediate value property include expansions of the reals, o-minimal structures, and any expansion \({\mathcal R}\) whose open core \({\mathcal R}^o\) is o-minimal (here, \({\mathcal R}^o\) is the reduct of \({\mathcal R}\) given by adding predicates for all open sets definable in \({\mathcal R}\)).
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