Explicit energy-conserving modification of relativistic PIC method
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Abstract: The use of explicit particle-in-cell (PIC) method for relativistic plasma simulations is restricted by numerical heating and instabilities that may significantly constrain the choice of time and space steps. To eliminate these limitations we consider a possibility to enforce exact energy conservation by altering the standard time step splitting. Instead of particle advancement in a given field followed by field advancement with current, we split the step so that each particle is coupled with the field at the nearby nodes and this coupling is accounted for with enforced energy conservation sequentially for all particles. Such a coupling method is compatible with various advances, ranging from parallel/optimized computations and account for additional physical effects to the use of numerical-dispersion-free field solvers, high-order weighting shapes and particle push subcycling. To facilitate further considerations and use, we provide a basic implementation in a 3D, relativistic, spectral code -PIC, which we make publicly available.
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