Extension results for slice regular functions of a quaternionic variable

This result allows us to extend the known properties of slice regular functions defined on balls centered on the real axis to a much larger class of domains, called axially symmetric domains. We show, in particular, that axially symmetric domains play, for slice regular functions, the role played by domains of holomorphy for holomorphic functions.

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The authors prove a general representation formula for slice regular functions, which shows that the value of a slice regular function \(f\) at a point \(q = x + yI\) can be recovered by the values of \(f\) at the points \(q + yJ\) and \(q + yK\) for any choice of imaginary units \(I\), \(J\), \(K\). Let \(\mathbb H\) be the skew field of quaternions and let \(\mathbb S\) be the unit 2-sphere of purely imaginary quaternions. Let \(L_I=\mathbb R+I\mathbb R\) be the complex line passing through the origin and containing 1 and \(I\), and let \(\Omega\subseteq\mathbb H\) be a domain in \(\mathbb H\). We say that \(\Omega\) is a slice domain (s-domain for short) if \(\Omega\cap\mathbb R\) is non-empty and if \(\Omega\cap L_I\) is a domain in \(L_I\) for all \(I\in\mathbb S\). {General Representation Formula.} Let \(f\) be a regular function on an axially symmetric \(s\)-domain \(\Omega\subseteq\mathbb H\). For any choice of \(J\), \(K\in\mathbb S\), \(J\neq K\), the following equality holds for all \(q =x + yI\in\Omega\): \[ f(x + yI) = (J- K)^{-1}[Jf(x + yJ) - Kf(x + yK)]+ f(x + yK)]. \] Moreover, for all \(x\), \(y\in\mathbb R\) such that \(x + y\mathbb S\subseteq\Omega\), there exist \(b\), \(c\in\mathbb H\) such that for all \(J\), \(K\in\mathbb S\), \(J\neq K\), we have \[ (J - K)^{-1} \left[Jf(x + yJ) - Kf(x + yK)\right] = b, \] \[ (J - K)^{-1}\left[f(x + yJ)- f(x + yK)\right] = c. \] This result allows to extend the known properties of slice regular functions defined on balls centered on the real axis to a much larger class of domains, called axially symmetric domains. {Extension Theorem.} Let \(\Omega\subseteq\mathbb H\) be an \(s\)-domain, and let \(f :\Omega\to\mathbb H\) be a regular function. There exists a unique regular extension \(\widetilde f :\widetilde\Omega\to\mathbb H\) of \(f\) to the symmetric completion \(\widetilde\Omega\) of \(\Omega\). It is shown, in particular, that axially symmetric domains play, for slice regular functions, the role played by domains of holomorphy for holomorphic functions.

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