First stability eigenvalue characterization of Clifford hypersurfaces

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Let \(M^{n-1}\subset S^n\) be a compact minimal hypersurface of the unit sphere \(S^n\). Let \(J=-\Delta-\|A\|^2-(n-1)\) be the Jacobi operator on \(M\). Here \(\Delta \) is the Laplacian in the induced metric on \(M\) and \(\|A\|^2\) is the square of the norm of the second fundamental form \(A\). Let \(\lambda_1\) be the first eigenvalue of \(J\). The simplest examples of such minimal hypersurfaces are the equators \(S^{n-1}\subset S^n\) and the Clifford tori \(S^k\times S^\ell\subset S^n\), \(k+\ell=n\). It is easily checked that \(\lambda_1=-(n-1)\) for the equator and \(\lambda_1=-2(n-1)\) for the Clifford tori. The main result of this paper is that if \(\lambda_1=-2(n-1)\), then \(M\) is a Clifford torus.




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