Fixed points of surface diffeomorphisms
Let \(f : M \to M\) be a homeomorphism of a compact surface. In 1927, Jakob Nielsen defined a homotopy invariant lower bound for the number of fixed points of \(f\), that is now called the Nielsen number \(N(f)\), and he conjectured that \(f\) is isotopic to a homeomorphism with exactly \(N(f)\) fixed points. In 1981, the first author announced [Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 5, 176-178 (1981; Zbl 0479.55003)] that the Nielsen-Thurston classification theory for homeomorphisms of surfaces could be used to verify Nielsen's conjecture, for closed surfaces. The principal contents of this very important paper consist of a detailed proof of the announced result and in fact of somewhat more: the homeomorphism with \(N(f)\) fixed points can be chosen to be smooth. In 1984, the first author published an example to demonstrate that, for maps of surfaces, there need not be a map in the homotopy class with only \(N(f)\) fixed points. For a more detailed discussion of these developments, and related subsequent discoveries, see the reviewer's survey paper [Contemp. Math. 152, 9-21 (1993; Zbl 0816.55001)]. If \(M\) has a nonempty boundary, the fact that homeomorphisms must map the boundary onto itself makes it difficult to formulate a corresponding result in terms of the Nielsen number. Motivated by this difficulty in the 1981 announcement, \textit{H. Schirmer} [Pac. J. Math. 122, 459-473 (1986; Zbl 0553.55001)] introduced a Nielsen number \(N(f; X,A)\) for maps of pairs \(f : (X,A) \to (X,A)\). A survey of the extensive development of relative Nielsen theories that quickly followed can be found in Schirmer's paper [Contemp. Math. 152, 291-309 (1993; Zbl 0805.55001)]. These theories include a Nielsen number \(N (f;X - A)\) for the complement due to \textit{X.-Z. Zhao} [Lect. Notes Math. 1411, 189-199 (1989; Zbl 0689.55008)]. The result in the present paper, for homeomorphisms of surfaces with boundary, states that there is an isotopy to a diffeomorphism with exactly \(N(f;M, \partial M)\) fixed points, of which exactly \(N(f;M - \partial M)\) are in the interior of \(M\). The proof of the main theorem uncovered a relationship between the Nielsen number \(N(f)\) of a homeomorphism \(f : M \to M\) of a surface, with or without boundary, of negative Euler characteristic \(\chi (M)\) and its Lefschetz number \(L(f)\), namely, \(|L (f) - \chi (M) |\leq N(f) - \chi (M)\). The authors ask whether this inequality holds also for maps of such surfaces.
- The generalized Lefschetz number of homeomorphisms on punctured disks
- New proofs of some results of Nielsen
- A fixed-point theorem for planar homeomorphisms
- Jakob Nielsen (1890-1959)
- Topological methods in surface dynamics
- Isotopic homeomorphisms and Nielsen fixed point theory
- The Nielsen number as an isotopy invariant
- On the Nielsen numbers of slide homeomorphisms on 3-manifolds.
- Fixed point index and braid invariant for fixed points of embeddings on the disk
- Some developments in Nielsen fixed point theory
- Bounds for fixed points on products of hyperbolic surfaces
- Fixed points of boundary-preserving maps of punctured discs
- Homeomorphisms of 3-manifolds and the realization of Nielsen number
- The boundary-Wecken classification of surfaces
- On the bounded index property for products of aspherical polyhedra
- A forcing relation of braids from Nielsen fixed point theory
- The fixed subgroups of homeomorphisms of Seifert manifolds
- Reducing the number of fixed points of some homeomorphisms on nonprime \(3\)-manifolds
- Topology of fixed point sets of surface homeomorphisms
- Fixed points theory on closed 2-dimensional manifolds
- The group fixed by a family of endomorphisms of a surface group
- An algorithm for calculating the Nielsen number on surfaces with boundary
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 490931 (Why is no real title available?)
- A note on the free degrees of homeomorphisms on genus 2 orientable compact surfaces
- Dynamics of surface diffeomorphisms relative to homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits
- Bounds for fixed points on Seifert manifolds
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1790459 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 811095 (Why is no real title available?)
- Virtual homological spectral radii for automorphisms of surfaces
- Index bounds for maps defined on a wedge of surfaces
- Two extensions of Thurston's spectral theorem for surface diffeomorphisms
- Lehmer's Question, Knots and Surface Dynamics
- The index of coincidence Nielsen classes of maps between surfaces
- Nielsen theory, braids and fixed points of surface homeomorphisms
- Mapping classes are almost determined by their finite quotient actions
- A fixed-point curve theorem for finite-orbits local diffeomorphisms
- A sharp lower bound on fixed points of surface symplectomorphisms in each mapping class
- Braids and linked periodic orbits of disc homeomorphisms
- Surface automorphisms and finite covers
- Bounds for fixed points and fixed subgroups on surfaces and graphs
- Free degrees of homeomorphisms on compact surfaces
- Floer homology and right-veering monodromy
- Fixed point index bounds for self-maps on surfacelike complexes
- Classes of Wecken maps of surfaces with boundary
- The Wecken property for random maps on surfaces with boundary
- Nielsen numbers of selfmaps of Sol 3-manifolds
- Finite quotients, arithmetic invariants, and hyperbolic volume
- Knot Floer homology and fixed points
- Entropy versus volume via Heegaard diagrams
- Nielsen periodic point theory for periodic maps on orientable surfaces
- Symplectic Floer homology of area-preserving surface diffeomorphisms
- Homotopical theory of periodic points of periodic homeomorphisms on closed surfaces
- Computation of Nielsen numbers for maps of compact surfaces with boundary
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