Free fermionic Schur functions

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2023.109413MaRDI QIDQ6182791zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Slava Naprienko

Publication date 21 December 2023

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.12110

zbMATH Keywords

Schur functionssix vertex modelsupersymmetric functionsYang-Baxter equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Combinatorial aspects of representation theory (05E10) Classical problems, Schubert calculus (14N15) Yang-Baxter equations (16T25) Yang-Baxter equations and Rota-Baxter operators (17B38) Stochastic methods applied to problems in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B31)

Abstract: We introduce a new family of Schur functions $s_{lambda/mu;a,b}(x/y)$ that depend on two sets of variables and two sequences of parameters. These free fermionic Schur functions have a hidden symmetry between the two sets of parameters that allows us to generalize and unify factorial, supersymmetric, and dual Schur functions from literature. We then prove that these functions satisfy the supersymmetric Cauchy identity ${\displaystyle }$ sum_{lambda}s_{lambda;a,b}(x/y)widehat{s}_{lambda;a,b}(z/w) = prod_{i,j}frac{1+y_iz_j}{1-x_iz_j}frac{1+x_iw_j}{1-y_iw_j}, ${\displaystyle }$ where $widehat{s}_{lambda;a,b}(z/w)=s_{lambd{a}^{\prime };b^{\prime },a^{\prime }}(w/z)$ are the dual functions. Our approach is based on the integrable six vertex model with free fermionic Boltzmann weights. We show that these weights satisfy the extit{refined Yang-Baxter equation}, which allows us to prove well-known properties of Schur functions: supersymmetry, combinatorial descriptions, the Jacobi-Trudi identity, the N"agelsbach-Kostka formula, the Giambelli formula, the Ribbon formula, the Weyl determinant formula, the Berele-Regev factorization, dual Cauchy identity, the flagged determinant formula, and many others. We emphasize that many of these results are novel even in special cases.

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