Free groups and quasidiagonality

Abstract: We use free groups to settle a couple questions about the values of the Pimsner-Popa-Voiculescu modulus of quasidiagonality for a set of operators

O m e g a

, denoted by qd

(O m e g a)

. Along the way we deduce information about the operator space structure of finite dimensional subspaces of

m a t h b b C [m a t h b b F_{d}] s u b s e t e q C_{e l l^{p}}^{*} (m a t h b b F_{d})

where

C_{e l l^{p}}^{*} (m a t h b b F_{d})

is the so-called

e l l^{p}

-completion of

m a t h b b C [m a t h b b F_{d}] .

Roughly speaking, we use free groups and qd

(O m e g a)

to put a quantitative face on the two known qualitative obstructions to quasidiagonality; absence of an amenable trace or the presence of a proper isometry. The modulus of quasidiagonality for a proper isometry is equal to 1. We show that qd

(l a m b d a_{a}, l a m b d a_{b}) i n [1 / 2, s q r t 3 / 2]

where

a

and

b

are free group generators and

l a m b d a

is the left regular representation. In another direction, we use certain

e l l^{p}

representations of free groups constructed by Pytlik and Szwarc and a recent result of Ruan and Wiersma to show that qd

(O m e g a)

may be positive, yet arbitrarily close to zero when

O m e g a

is a set of unitaries.

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