Exotic C^*-algebras of geometric groups

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2023.110228MaRDI QIDQ6184598zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ebrahim Samei, Matthew Wiersma

Publication date 25 January 2024

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.07007

zbMATH Keywords

\(L^p\)-summable unitary representationsexotic group \(C^\ast \)-algebrasintegrable Haagerup propertyKunze-Stein groupsrapid decay property

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometric group theory (20F65) (C^*)-algebras and (W^*)-algebras in relation to group representations (22D25) General theory of (C^*)-algebras (46L05)

Abstract: We consider a new class of potentially exotic group C*-algebras $C_{P{F}_p^{\ast }}^{\ast }(G)$ for a locally compact group $G$, and its connection with the class of potentially exotic group C*-algebras $C_{L^p}^{\ast }(G)$ introduced by Brown and Guentner. Surprisingly, these two classes of C*-algebras are intimately related. By exploiting this connection, we show $C_{L^p}^{\ast }(G)=C_{P{F}_p^{\ast }}^{\ast }(G)$ for $pin(2,infty)$, and the C*-algebras $C_{L^p}^{\ast }(G)$ are pairwise distinct for $pin(2,infty)$ when $G$ belongs to a large class of nonamenable groups possessing the Haagerup property and either the rapid decay property or Kunze-Stein phenomenon by characterizing the positive definite functions that extend to positive linear functionals of $C_{L^p}^{\ast }(G)$ and $C_{P{F}_p^{\ast }}^{\ast }(G)$. This greatly generalizes earlier results of Okayasu and the second author on the pairwise distinctness of $C_{L^p}^{\ast }(G)$ for $2<p<infty$ when $G$ is either a noncommutative free group or the group $SL(2,mathbbR)$, respectively. As a byproduct of our techniques, we present two applications to the theory of unitary representations of a locally compact group $G$. Firstly, we give a short proof of the well-known Cowling-Haagerup-Howe Theorem which presents sufficient condition implying the weak containment of a cyclic unitary representation of $G$ in the left regular representation of $G$. Also we give a near solution to a 1978 conjecture of Cowling. This conjecture of Cowling states if $G$ is a Kunze-Stein group and $pi$ is a unitary representation of $G$ with cyclic vector $xi$ such that the map ${\displaystyle }$G i smapsto langle pi(s)xi,xi angle${\displaystyle }$ belongs to $L^p(G)$ for some $2<p<infty$, then $A_{p}isubseteq{L}^p(G)$. We show $B_{p}isubseteq{L}^{p+epsilon}(G)$ for every $epsilon>0$ (recall $A_{p}isubseteq{B}_{p}i$).

Review text

An interesting open problem about group C*-algebras is whether every non-amenable group \(G\) has an exotic C*-algebra, that is whether there is a proper intermediate quotient \(\mathrm{C}^*_{\mathrm{max}}(G) \longrightarrow A \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}^*_{\mathrm{red}}(G)\). The principal objective of the present article is to add new examples to the list of groups known to have exotic C*-algebras. The authors show that for specific groups and for some \(2 < p < \infty\) the group C*-algebra generated by unitary representations with \(\mathrm{L}^p\)-summable matrix coefficients \(\mathrm{C}^*_{\mathrm{L}^p}(G)\) is not isomorphic with the reduced group C*-algebra. As the trivial representation separates \(\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{max}}^*(G)\) from \(\mathrm{C}^*_{\mathrm{L}^p}(G)\), this proves the existence of exotic C*-algebras for the group in question. The key novel notion group notion that is used to establish this result is what the authors call the integrable Haagerup property. For context, recall that a locally compact group \(G\) has the Haagerup property if some \(\mathrm{C}_0\)-representation contains approximately invariant unit vectors. Strengthening this requirement, the authors define \(G\) to have the integrable Haagerup property if some unitary representation with coefficients in \(\bigcup_{1 \leq p < \infty} \mathrm{L}^p(G)\) has approximately invariant unit vectors. The author's Corollary 4.3 says that any non-amenable locally compact group with the integrable Haagerup property has an exotic group C*-algebra. Examples of groups satisfying the requirements of Corollary 4.3 are Coxeter groups and groups acting geometrically on trees. An new open problem posed as Question 3.4 in the present article is whether the enveloping C*-algebra of the symmetrised \(p\)-pseudofunction algebra \(\mathrm{PF}^*_p(G)\) is isomorphic with \(\mathrm{C}^*_{\mathrm{L}^p}(G)\) for all locally compact groups.

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Cited in

(8)

• Exotic ideals in free transformation group C∗$\mathbf {C}^*$‐algebras
• New tensor products of \(\mathrm{C}^\ast\)-algebras and characterization of type I \(\mathrm{C}^\ast\)-algebras as rigidly symmetric \(\mathrm{C}^\ast\)-algebras
• Property \((\mathrm{T})\) for Banach algebras
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• A note on L^p-factorizations of representations
• Exotic groupoid C^*-algebras associated to double groupoids
• A spectral gap absorption principle
• Exotic C^*-completions of étale groupoids

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