Free operators with operator coefficients

(C^*)-algebras and (W^*)-algebras in relation to group representations (22D25) Norms (inequalities, more than one norm, etc.) of linear operators (47A30)

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Let \(\mathbb{F}_n\) denote the free group on \(n\) generators \(g_1, \dots, g_n\) and \(C^*_\lambda (\mathbb{F}_n)\) the \(C^*\)-algebra generated by the left regular representation \(\lambda\) of \(\mathbb{F}_n\) on \(l^2 (\mathbb{F}_n)\). Generalizing pioneering work of Kesten \textit{Ch. A. Akemann} and \textit{Ph. A. Ostrand} [Am. J. Math. 98, 1015-1047 (1976; Zbl 0342.22008)] proved a formula for norms of convolution operators \(\sum^n_{i=1}\alpha_i\lambda(g_i)\), \(\alpha_i \in \mathbb{C}\). Since then there have been two lines of investigation. One is concerned with replacing a generating set of \(\mathbb{F}_n\) by so-called Leinert sets in discrete groups and also with providing simpler proofs, while the second aims at obtaining at least norm estimates for the more general operator-valued case. The paper under review contributes to the latter. Thus, let \(A\) be an arbitrary \(C^*\)-algebra, and let \(C^*_\lambda (\mathbb{F}_n) \otimes A\) be the minimal tensor product of \(C^*_\lambda (\mathbb{F}_n)\) and \(A\) with \(\|\cdot \|_{\min}\) denoting the norm. \textit{U. Haagerup} and \textit{G. Pisier} [Duke Math. J. 71, 889-925 (1993; Zbl 0803.46064)] have given upper and lower bounds for norms of operators of the form \(\sum^n_{i =1} \lambda (g_i) \otimes a_i\), \(a_i\in A\). The author first assumes that \(a_1, \dots, a_n\) can be approximated by invertible elements and in this case improves the upper bound given by Haagerup and Pisier. In the case when \(a_1, \dots, a_n\) are arbitrary, he is able to deduce the inequality \[ \left\| \sum^n_{i=1} \lambda(g_i) \otimes a_i \right\|_{\min} \leq 2\sqrt {1-{1 \over n}} \cdot \max\left(\Bigl \|\sum^n_{i=1} a_ia^*_i \Bigr\|^{1/2}, \Bigl\| \sum^n_{i =1} a^*_i a_i\Bigr \|^{1/2} \right). \] In addition, several examples are presented for which equality holds.

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