Frobenius groups and retract rationality

Inverse Galois theory (12F12) Actions of groups on commutative rings; invariant theory (13A50) Rationality questions in algebraic geometry (14E08) Cohomology of groups (20J06)

Abstract: Let

k

be any field,

G

be a finite group acting on the rational function field

k (x_{g} : g i n G)

by

h c d o t x_{g} = x_{h g}

for any

h, g i n G

. Define

k (G) = k (x_{g} : g i n G)^{G}

. Noether's problem asks whether

k (G)

is rational (= purely transcendental) over

k

. A weaker notion, retract rationality introduced by Saltman, is also very useful for the study of Noether's problem. We prove that, if

G

is a Frobenius group with abelian Frobenius kernel, then

k (G)

is retract

k

-rational for any field

k

satisfying some mild conditions. As an application, we show that, for any algebraic number field

k

, for any Frobenius group

G

with Frobenius complement isomorphic to

, there is a Galois extension field

K

over

k

whose Galois group is isomorphic to

G

, i.e. the inverse Galois problem is valid for the pair

(G, k)

. The same result is true for any non-solvable Frobenius group if

k (z e t a_{8})

is a cyclic extension of

k

.

Review text

Let \(k\subset K\) be an extension of fields. \(K\) is rational over \(k\) (for short, \(k\)-rational) if \(K\) is purely transcendental over \(k\). When \(k\) is an infinite field, \(K\) is said to be retract \(k\)-rational if there is a \(k\)-algebra \(A\) contained in \(K\) such that (i) \(K\) is the quotient field of \(A\), (ii) there exist a non-zero polynomial \(f\in k[X_1,\dots, X_n]\) (where \(k[X_1,\dots, X_n]\) is the polynomial ring) and \(k\)-algebra morphisms \(\phi : A\to k[X_1,\dots, X_n][1/ f ]\) and \(\psi : k[X_1,\dots, X_n][1/ f ]\to A\) satisfying \(\psi\circ\phi = 1_A\). Let \(G\) be a finite group acting on the rational function field \(k(x_g : g\in G)\) by \(k\)-automorphisms so that \(g\cdot x_h = x_{gh}\) for any \(g, h\in G\). Denote by \(k(G)\) the fixed field \(k(x_g : g\in G)^G\). The article under review studies the retract rationality problem for Frobenius groups. A finite group \(G\) is called a Frobenius group if \(G = N\rtimes G_0\) where \(N\) and \(G_0\) are non-trivial subgroups of \(G\) satisfying (i) \(N\) is a normal subgroup of \(G\), and (ii) the action of \(G_0\) on \(N\) is fixed point free, i.e. for any \(x\in N\setminus\{1\}\), any \(g\in G_0\setminus\{1\}, gxg^{-1}\neq x\). The author proves that if \(G\) is a Frobenius group with abelian Frobenius kernel, then \(k(G)\) is retract \(k\)-rational for any field \(k\) satisfying some conditions regarding the characteristic of \(k\) and the presence of certain roots of unity in \(k\). As an application, he also shows that for any algebraic number field \(k\) and for any Frobenius group \(G\) with Frobenius complement isomorphic to \(\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb F_5)\), there is a Galois extension field \(K\) over \(k\) whose Galois group is isomorphic to \(G\).

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