Frobenius non-stability of nilpotent groups

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Abstract: A countable discrete group is said to be Frobenius stable if every function from the group to unitary matrices that is "almost multiplicative" in the Frobenius norm is "close" to a unitary representation in the Frobenius norm. The purpose of this paper is to show that finitely generated nilpotent groups that are not virtually cyclic are not Frobenius stable. Our argument proves the same result for other unnormalized Schatten p-norms with 1<pleinfty.


Let \(\Gamma\) be a countable discrete group, let \(1 \leq p \leq \infty\) and \(|| \cdot ||_{p}\) denote the unnormalized Schatten \(p\)-norm, \(||M||_{p} = (\operatorname{Tr}((M M)^{p/2}))^{1/p}\) for \(p < \infty\) and operator norm for \(p =\infty\). Let \(U(k_{n})\) be the \(k_{n} \times k_{n}\) complex unitary group, a \(p\)-asymptotic homomorphism is a sequence of functions \(\rho_{n} : \Gamma \rightarrow U(k_{n})\) so that for all \(x, y \in \Gamma\) relation \(||\rho_{n}(xy) - \rho_{n}(x)\rho_{n}(y)||_{p} \rightarrow 0\) is verified. A \(p\)-asymptotic representation is \(p\)-perturbable to a genuine representation if there is a sequence of unitary representations \(\widetilde{\rho}_{n}: \Gamma \rightarrow U(k_{n})\) such that \(||\widetilde{\rho}_{n}(x) -\rho_{n}(x)||_{p} \rightarrow 0\) for all \(x \in \Gamma\). The group \(\Gamma\) is \(p\)-stable if every \(p\)-asymptotic representation is \(p\)-perturbable to a genuine representation. Of particular interest is the case \(p = 2\), called Frobenius stability, The main result of the article under review is Theorem 1.1: Let \(\Gamma\) be a finitely generated nilpotent group and let \(1 < p \leq \infty\). Then \(\Gamma\) is \(p\)-stable if and only if \(\Gamma\) is virtually cyclic. In particular, finitely generated nilpotent groups that are not virtually cyclic are not Frobenius stable.











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