Fujimoto's theorem -- a further study

DOI10.3103/S1068362316040051MaRDI QIDQ728421zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 20 December 2016

Published in Journal of Contemporary Mathematical Analysis. Armenian Academy of Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068362316040051

zbMATH Keywords

meromorphic functions uniqueness theorems weighted sharing of sets

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Value distribution of meromorphic functions of one complex variable, Nevanlinna theory (30D35)

Review text

Let \(f\) be a non-constant meromorphic function on the whole complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\). For \(a\in \overline{\mathbb{C}}=\mathbb{C}\cup \left\{ \infty \right\} \), every point \(z\) with \(f\left( z\right) =a\) will be called an \(a\)-point of \(f\). For a set \(S\subset \) \(\overline{\mathbb{C}}\) we define \(E_{f}\left( S\right) \) (resp. \(\overline{E}_{f}\left( S\right) \)) as the set of all \(a\)-points of \(f\), when \(a\in S\), together with their multiplicities (resp. without their multiplicities). If \(E_{f}\left( S\right) =E_{g}\left( S\right) \) (resp. \(\overline{E}_{f}\left( S\right) = \overline{E}_{g}\left( S\right) \)), then we say that \(f\) and \(g\) share \(S\) counting multiplicities or \(\mathrm {CM}\) (resp. ignoring multiplicities or \(\mathrm {IM}\)). Let \(S\subset\mathbb{C}\), and let \(f\) and \(g\) be two non-constant meromorphic (resp. entire) functions. If \(E_{f}\left( S\right) =E_{g}\left( S\right) \) implies \(f\equiv g\), then \(S \) is called a unique range set for meromorphic (resp. entire) functions, or in short URSM (resp. URSE). We will call any set \(S\subset\mathbb{C}\) a unique range set for meromorphic (resp. entire) functions ignoring multiplicity (URSM-IM) (resp. URSE-IM) for which \(\overline{E}_{f}\left( S\right) = \overline{E}_{g}\left( S\right) \) implies \(f\equiv g\) for any pair of non-constant meromorphic (resp. entire) functions. A polynomial \(P\) on \(\mathbb{C}\) is called a strong uniqueness polynomial for meromorphic (resp. entire) functions if for any non-constant meromorphic (resp. entire) functions \(f\) and \(g\), the condition \(P\left( f\right) \equiv cP\left( g\right) \) implies \( f\equiv g\), where \(c\) is a suitable nonzero constant. We say \(P\) is SUPM (resp. SUPE) in short. On the other hand, if for a polynomial \(P\) on \(\mathbb{C}\), the condition \(P\left( f\right) \equiv P\left( g\right) \) implies \( f\equiv g\) for any non-constant meromorphic (resp. entire) functions \(f\) and \(g\), then \(P\) is called a uniqueness polynomial for meromorphic (resp. entire) functions. We say \(P\) is a UPM (resp. UPE) in short. Let \(f\) be a non-constant meromorphic function on the whole complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\). For \(a\in \overline{\mathbb{C}}=\mathbb{C}\cup \left\{ \infty \right\} \), we define \[ \Theta \left( a,f\right) =1-\underset{r\rightarrow 1^{-}}{\lim \sup }\frac{ \overline{N}\left( r,\frac{1}{f-a}\right) }{T\left( r,f\right) }, \] where \(\overline{N}\left( r,\frac{1}{f-a}\right) \) is the integrated counting function of the distinct solutions of \(f\left( z\right) =a\) in the disc \( \left\{ z:\left| z\right| \leq r\right\} \) and \(T\left( r,\text{ } f\right) \) is the Nevanlinna characteristic function of \(f.\) In the present paper, the author improves the result of \textit{H. Fujimoto} [Am. J. Math. 122, No. 6, 1175--1203 (2000; Zbl 0983.30013)] in the context of weighted sharing of sets. In fact, the author shows that his method is more effective and efficient than the truncated sharing version improvement of Fujimoto's result. He also improves a result of \textit{X. Bai} et al. [J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 49, No. 3, 631--643 (2009; Zbl 1193.30035)] by further reducing the lower bound of \(n\). The following theorems are the main results of the paper. Theorem 1. Let \(P\left( z\right) =\left( z-\alpha _{1}\right) \left( z-\alpha _{2}\right) \cdots \left( z-\alpha _{n}\right) \) be a critically injective polynomial of degree \(n\) on \(\mathbb{C}\) having only simple zeros. Let \(P^{\prime }\) have \(k\) distinct zeros and assume that either \(k\geq 3\) or \(k=2\) and \(P^{\prime }\) has no simple zeros. Further, suppose that \(P\) is a SUPM (resp. SUPE). Suppose that \(S\) is the set of zeros of \(P\). If (i) \(m=2\) and \(n>2k+6-2\Theta \left( \infty ;f\right) -2\Theta \left( \infty ;g\right) \left( 2k+2\right) ,\) (ii) \(m=1\) and \[ n>2k+7-2\Theta \left( \infty ;f\right) -2\Theta \left( \infty ;g\right) - \frac{1}{2}\min \left\{ \Theta \left( \infty ;f\right) ,\Theta \left( \infty ;g\right) \right\} \left( 2k+2\right) , \] (iii) \(m=0\) and \[ n>2k+12-3\Theta \left( \infty ;f\right) -3\Theta \left( \infty ;g\right) -\min \left\{ \Theta \left( \infty ;f\right) ,\Theta \left( \infty ;g\right) \right\} \left( 2k+5\right) , \] then \(S\) is a URSMm (resp. URSEm). Theorem 2. Let \(P\) be, as in Theorem 1, a critically injective polynomial of degree \(n\) on \(\mathbb{C}\) having only simple zeros, whose zero set is denoted by \(S\). Let \(P^{\prime } \) have \(k\) distinct zeros and asssume that either \(k\geq 3\) or \(k=2\) and \(P^{\prime }\) has no simple zeros. Further, suppose that \(P\) is a SUPM (resp. SUPE) and \( E_{f}\left( S,0\right) =E_{g}\left( S,0\right) \). Also, let the union of the sets of the double \(\alpha _{j}\) points of \(f\) for \(j=1,2,...,n\) be the same as that of \(g\). If \[ n>2k+8-2\Theta \left( \infty ;f\right) -2\Theta \left( \infty ;g\right) -\min \left\{ \Theta \left( \infty ;f\right) ,\Theta \left( \infty ;g\right) \right\} \left( 2k+3\right) , \] then \(S\) is a restricted URSM-IM2 (resp. URSE-IM2).

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