Functional differential operators and equations

Publication date 27 July 1999

almost-periodic causal invertibility causal operator dichotomy difference equations evolutionary soluble functional-differential operators Green functions initial value problem input-output solubility shift invariant operators stability

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to ordinary differential equations (34-02) Dichotomy, trichotomy of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D09) Functional-differential equations (including equations with delayed, advanced or state-dependent argument) (34Kxx) Generalized solutions to partial differential equations (35D99) Difference operators (39A70) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to operator theory (47-02) General (adjoints, conjugates, products, inverses, domains, ranges, etc.) (47A05) General theory of ordinary differential operators (47E05)

Review text

The monograph deals with linear functional-differential equations and operator theory methods for their investigation. Although the most examples in the book illustrate the application of the presented theory to equations on \(\mathbb{R}\) the general technical results are proved on an arbitrary compact Abelian group \(G\). This fact allows the application of the theory to partial differential-difference equations and difference equations with discrete time. The main subject of this book is the equation (1): \(Lx=f\) where \(L\) is a linear operator. \(L\) is usually supposed to be causal. In the case of functional spaces acting on \(\mathbb{R}\) the causality means that for all \(x\) and \(t\) \(x(s)=0, s<t\) \(\Rightarrow\) \((Lx)(s)=0, s<t\) and it is a natural property of operators which describe processes in time. The important property of \(L\) is the causal invertibility when the inverse operator \(L^{-1}\) exists and is causal. The book starts with preliminaries of functional analysis needed for further discussions. The initial value problem for functional-differential equations is considered in Chapter 2. The main notion of this chapter is evolutionary solubility, i.e. when \(Lx=f\) is locally soluble and the solution depends on \(f\) in a causal way. The main result of this chapter states that (1) is evolutionary soluble if and only if the operator \(L\) is locally causally invertible. Some properties of causally invertible operators are presented. It appears that the causal invertibility of \( L\) on the whole \(\mathbb{R}\) is equivalent to the input-output stability (when there exists a \(K<\infty\) such that \(\| x\| \leq K(\| \varphi\| +\| f \| \)) in correspondingly chosen functional spaces). This statement is the main result of Chapter 3. The author compares this case with ordinary invertibility of the operator \(L\) which is equivalent to the dichotomy of solutions. Exponential stability is considered in this chapter. Chapter 4 deals with shift invariant operators and their applications and Chapter 5 establishes the same qualitative analogues of the results of the previous chapter to the nonshift invariant case in a rather abstract way. The main subject of the Chapter 6 is difference-differential equations. In particular, it is proved that an equation of neutral type usually can be reduced to an equation of retarded type. Green function properties are considered. It is proved that one-sided invertibility of a differential-difference operator with almost-periodic coefficients implies its two-sided invertibility. The book may be of interest for researchers and students working in the theory of functional-differential equations and operator theory. It may be recommended for graduate level courses.

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