Generic properties of nonlinear functional equations

Baire category compact neighbourhood compact-open topology continuous dependence continuous functions generic properties metric space nonlinear functional equations normed space sequence of successive approximations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations (39B12) Functional equations for functions with more general domains and/or ranges (39B52)

Review text

Assume that \((X,\rho)\) is a metric space and let Y be a non-trivial normed space. Fix points \(\xi\in X\) and \(\eta\in Y\) and a continuous function f:\(X\to X\) such that \(\rho\) (f(x),\(\xi)\leq \gamma(\rho(x,\xi))\) for every \(x\in X\), where \(\gamma\) is an increasing and continuous real function defined on an interval I containing the origin, and \(\gamma(t)<t\) for every \(t\in I\backslash \{0\}\). Denote by \(\Phi\) the set of all continuous functions \(\phi\) :\(X\to Y\) such that \(\phi(\xi)=\eta\) and consider the space \({\mathcal H}\) of all continuous functions h:\(X\times y\to y\) such that \(h(\xi,\eta)=\eta\) as a topological space with the compact-open topology. The main results read as follows. 1. If the point \(\xi\) has a compact neighbourhood in X and the space Y is finite dimensional, then the set of all \(h\in {\mathcal H}\) such that equation \((*)\quad \phi(x)=h(x,\phi [f(x)])\) has exactly one solution \(\phi\in \Phi\) and for every \(\phi_ 0\in \Phi\) the sequence of successive approximations starting from \(\phi_ 0\) converges to \(\phi\) uniformly on every compact subset of X is residual in \({\mathcal H}\). 2. If the set \(\{f^ n(x_ 0):n\in {\mathbb{N}}\}\) is infinite for an \(x_ 0\in X\), then the set of all \(h\in {\mathcal H}\) for which equation (*) has no solution in the class \(\Phi\) is dense in \({\mathcal H}\). Problem of the continuous dependence of continuous solutions of equation (*) from the Baire category point of view is also considered. Linear equations of the form \(\phi [f(x)]=g(x)\phi(x)+F(x)\) are studied from the Baire category point of view in the following papers by the same author: Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci., Sér. Sci. Math. 29, 371-372 (1981; Zbl 0475.39013); Glas. Mat., III. Ser. 17(37), 59-64 (1982; Zbl 0514.39004); ibid. 18(38), 91-102 (1983; Zbl 0519.39004) and 'On linear homogeneous functional equations in the inderminate case'. Fundam. Math. (to appear).

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