Global solutions to nonconservative NLS with non-decaying initial data

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2025.130260MaRDI QIDQ6874736zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Rafael Hirsch, Peer Christian Kunstmann

Publication date 15 January 2026

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAA.2025.130260

almost periodic functions asymptotic decay global well-posedness non-decaying initial data nonconservative evolution equations nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Uniqueness problems for PDEs: global uniqueness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness (35A02) Methods of ordinary differential equations applied to PDEs (35A24) Periodic solutions to PDEs (35B10) Perturbations in context of PDEs (35B20) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Time-dependent Schrödinger equations and Dirac equations (35Q41) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55)

Review text

The authors consider a nonconservative variant of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation given by: \(i\partial _{t}u=-\partial _{x}^{2}u-u^{p}\), \( t\geq 0\), \(x\in \mathbb{R}\), with the initial condition \(u(0,x)=u_{0}(x)\), \( x\in \mathbb{R}\), where \(p\geq 2\) is an integer. They introduce a Banach space \(\mathcal{A}\) of complex-valued functions, assuming that \(\mathcal{A}\) is a Banach algebra for pointwise multiplication, that it contains the constant functions, and that the Schrödinger semigroup \( S(t)=e^{it\partial _{x}^{2}}\), \(t\geq 0\), is strongly continuous and bounded on \(\mathcal{A}\). They first prove the local well-posedness of the problem with an initial data in \(\mathcal{A}\). There exists a positive time \(T>0\) such that the problem has a unique mild solution \(u\in C([0,T],\mathcal{A})\) with initial data \(u_{0}\), that is satisfying: \(u(t)=S(t)u_{0}+i \int_{0}^{t}S(t-s)u(s)^{p}ds\), \(t\in \lbrack 0,T]\). The guaranteed time of existence \(T\) depends only on the norm \(\left\Vert u_{0}\right\Vert _{ \mathcal{A}}\): \(T\gtrsim _{M,C_{\mathcal{A}},p}\left\Vert u_{0}\right\Vert _{ \mathcal{A}}^{1-p}\). The purpose of the paper is to investigate the long-time behavior of a mild solution to the problem. The authors introduce the solution to the ordinary differential equation \(z^{\prime }=iz^{p}\), \( t\geq 0\), \(z(0)=z_{0}\), whose global solution can be expressed as: \(z(t)= \frac{z_{0}}{(1-i(p-1)z_{0}^{p-1}t)^{1/(p-1)}}\). The main result proves that if \(p\in \mathbb{N}\) with \(p\geq 2\), \(u\in C([0,T],\mathcal{A})\) is a maximal mild solution to the problem with initial data \(u_{0}=z_{0}+\phi \in B(\rho _{0},\rho _{1})=\{z_{0}+\phi \in \mathcal{A}:z_{0}\in B(\rho _{0})\), \( \left\Vert \phi \right\Vert _{\mathcal{A}}\leq \rho _{1}\left\vert z_{0}\right\vert ^{p}\}\) with \(B(\rho _{0})=\{z\in \mathbb{C}\setminus \{0\}:\sin ((p-1)\arg (z_{0})>-1\), \(\left\vert z\right\vert \leq \rho _{0}\}\) and positive \(\rho _{0}\), \(\rho _{1}\), and there exists some positive \(r\) such that \(M\rho _{1}\exp\{MC_{\mathcal{A}}^{p-1}C_{1}^{(p-2)(p-1)}C_{2}\frac{ P(r,\rho _{0})}{p-1}\}<r\), for some positive constants \( C_{i}=C_{i}(\arg(z_{0}),p)\), \(i=1,2\), and \(P(r,\rho _{0})\), then the maximal time \(T^{\ast }=\infty \) and \(\lim_{t\rightarrow \infty }\left\Vert u(t)\right\Vert _{\mathcal{A}}=0\). More specifically, the estimate \( \left\Vert u(t)-z(t)\right\Vert _{\mathcal{A}}\leq r\left\vert z(t)\right\vert ^{p}\) holds for all \(t\geq 0\), where \(z\) is the solution to the ordinary differential equation. For the proof, the authors introduce the solution \(\widetilde{u}\) to the modified Duhamel formula: \(\widetilde{u} (t)=S(t)\widetilde{u}(0)+i\int_{0}^{t}S(t-s)\sum_{m=2}^{p}( \begin{array}{c} p \\ m \end{array} )z(s)^{m(p-1)}\widetilde{u}(s)^{m}ds\), and they prove properties of \( \widetilde{u}\). The solution \(u\) is obtained as \(u(t)=z(t)+z(t)^{p} \widetilde{u}(t)\). The paper ends with some applications, especially in the case of almost periodic functions, the initial data being almost periodic, that is uniformly approximated by trigonometric polynomials, with localized perturbation.

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