Grassmannian frames with applications to coding and communication

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Abstract: For a given class calF of uniform frames of fixed redundancy we define a Grassmannian frame as one that minimizes the maximal correlation |<fk,fl>| among all frames fkkincalIincalF. We first analyze finite-dimensional Grassmannian frames. Using links to packings in Grassmannian spaces and antipodal spherical codes we derive bounds on the minimal achievable correlation for Grassmannian frames. These bounds yield a simple condition under which Grassmannian frames coincide with uniform tight frames. We exploit connections to graph theory, equiangular line sets, and coding theory in order to derive explicit constructions of Grassmannian frames. Our findings extend recent results on uniform tight frames. We then introduce infinite-dimensional Grassmannian frames and analyze their connection to uniform tight frames for frames which are generated by group-like unitary systems. We derive an example of a Grassmannian Gabor frame by using connections to sphere packing theory. Finally we discuss the application of Grassmannian frames to wireless communication and to multiple description coding.


For a given class \({\mathcal F}\) of unit norm frames, a Grassmannian frame is defined as one that minimizes the maximal correlation \({\mathcal M}(\{f_k\})=\max_{k\neq l}|\langle f_k,f_l\rangle|\) among all frames \(\{f_k\}\in {\mathcal F}\). A lower bound on \({\mathcal M}(\{f_k\})\) is given for frames in finite-dimensional spaces, and Grassmannian frames are related to antipodal spherical codes, graph theory, and coding theory. Finally, Grassmannian frames are considered for unitary group-like systems in infinite-dimensional spaces; it is proved that for such a frame, one can find a tight frame with ``almost as small maximal correlation as the given Grassmannian frame; the deviation depends on the redundancy of the given frame.



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