Hamiltonicity of Cartesian products of graphs

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In this paper, the authors prove that for every \(\Delta\ge 3\) there exits a graph (actually a tree) \(G\) of maximum degree \(\Delta\) and containing a path factor, such that the Cartesian product \(G\,\square\,P_m\) is not Hamiltonian for every \(m\le 4\Delta -3\). This result resolves a conjecture due \textit{L. Kao} and \textit{C.-w. Weng} posed in [ibid. 37, No. 3, 933--943 (2021; Zbl 1470.05095)], where on the other hand it is proved that if a tree \(T\) of maximum degree \(\Delta\) has a path factor, \(m\) is even and \(m\ge 4\Delta -2\), then \(T\,\square\, P_m\) is Hamiltonian.











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