Hermite-Poulain theorems for linear finite difference operators

DOI10.1007/S00365-020-09507-0MaRDI QIDQ2216652zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Olga M. Katkova, Mikhail Tyaglov, Anna M. Vishnyakova

Publication date 16 December 2020

Published in Constructive Approximation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.06398

finite difference operators hyperbolic polynomials hyperbolicity-preserving linear operators Laguerre-Pólya class

Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15) Special classes of entire functions of one complex variable and growth estimates (30D15) Value distribution of meromorphic functions of one complex variable, Nevanlinna theory (30D35)

Abstract: We establish analogues of the Hermite-Poulain theorem for linear finite difference operators with constant coefficients defined on sets of polynomials with roots on a straight line, in a strip, or in a half-plane. We also consider the central finite difference operator of the form

Delta_{ heta, h}(f)(z)=e^{i heta}f(z+ih)-e^{-i heta}f(z-ih), quad hetain[0,pi), hinmathbb{C}setminus{0},

where

f

is a polynomial or an entire function of a certain kind, and prove that the roots of

D e l t a_{h e t a, h} (f)

are simple under some conditions. Moreover, we prove that the operator

D e l t a_{h e t a, h}

does not decrease the mesh on the set of polynomials with roots on a line and find the minimal mesh. The asymptotics of the roots of

D e l t a_{h e t a, h} (p)

as

| h | o i n f t y

is found for any complex polynomial

p

. Some other interesting roots preserving properties of the operator

D e l t a_{h e t a, h}

are also studied, and a few examples are presented.

Review text

One of the most important problems in the zero distribution theory of polynomials and transcendental entire functions is to describe linear transformations that map polynomials with all roots in a given area into the set of polynomial with all roots in another given area. Two of the first researchers who started studying such problems systematically were Hermite and, later, Laguerre. Beginning with 1914, Pólya and Schur and many other authors including Obreschkov, Karlin, Levin, Csordas, Craven, de Boor, Varga, Iserles, Nørsett, Saff etc., studied the linear operators preserving real-rootedness of real polynomials. In this work, the authors make an attempt to transfer the existing theory of real-rootedness preservers to the basis of Pochhammer symbols and to develop a finite difference analogue of the Pólya-Schur theory.

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