Holomorphic Engel structures

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Abstract: Recently there has been renewed interest among differential geometers in the theory of Engel structures. We introduce holomorphic analogues of these structures, and pose the problem of classifying projective manifolds admitting them. Besides providing the basic properties of these varieties, we present two series of examples and characterize them by certain positivity conditions on the Engel structure.


Let \(X\) be a smooth complex variety of dimension \(4\). An \textit{Engel structure} on \(X\) is a rank-\(2\) subbundle \(D\) of the tangent bundle \(T_X\) such that \(E=[D,D]\) is a rank-\(3\) subbundle and \([E,E]=T_X\). This structure induces a line subbundle \(L\subset D\) such that \([L,E]\subset E\). This definition introduced by the authors is analogous to that used in the real orientable case, where Engel's structures play an important role. For example, existence of Engel's structure in the real orientable case is equivalent to parallelizability of the tangent bundle (see \textit{T. Vogel}'s paper in [Ann. Math. (2) 169, No. 1, 79--137 (2009; Zbl 1195.58005)]). The authors' aim is to classify Engel structures on complex projective \(4\)-folds. They prove a partial result by relating Engel structures to contact \(3\)-folds and they pose the following conjecture that would allow to complete the classification. If \(X\) is a smooth complex projective \(4\)-fold admitting an Engel structure then either the line bundle \((D/L)^{-1}\) is pseudoeffective (i.e., it is a limit of effective divisors), or \(L\) is a direct summand of \(D\).











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