Homogeneous weak solenoids
By definition a solenoid is a space which is the inverse limit of an inverse sequence consisting of spaces each of which is a copy of \(S^1\subset\mathbb{C}\) and whose bonding maps are of the form \(p(z)=z^n\) for some fixed \(n\in\mathbb{N}\). In case \(n=1\), the limit space is \(S^1\); some authors do not consider the latter to be a solenoid. With this in mind, one has the following characterization of solenoids. Theorem. A homogeneous metric continuum is a solenoid if and only if it has a local product structure of a Cantor set cross an arc. Noting that solenoids are 1-dimensional, one may seek a notion that extends the ideas to higher dimensional continua and for which similar characterizations obtain. A weak solenoid is an inverse limit of an inverse sequence of closed manifolds whose bonding maps are covering projections. Such a space is referred to as a strong solenoid if any finite composition of the bonding maps is a regular covering map. Clearly in such inverse sequences all the closed manifolds must be of the same dimension. \textit{R. M. Schori} [ibid. 124, 533-539 (1966; Zbl 0145.19604)] showed that weak solenoids need not be homogeneous. On the other hand, \textit{M. C. McCord} [ibid. 114, 197-209 (1965; Zbl 0136.43603)] proved that all strong solenoids are homogeneous. The main result, Theorem 3 of this paper is: Theorem. If a weak solenoid is homogeneous, then it is homeomorphic to a strong solenoid. The authors state the following: Conjecture. A homogeneous metric continuum is a strong solenoid if and only if it has a local product structure of a Cantor set cross an \(n\)-cell.
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