Hypergeometric functions on reductive groups

\(A\)-discriminant \(A\)-hypergeometric function \(A\)-hypergeometric system Appell function gamma series Gauss function matrix gamma function monomials on groups Pochhammer function reductive group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra, Okounkov bodies (14M25) Representation theory for linear algebraic groups (20G05) Analysis on real and complex Lie groups (22E30) Moduli and deformations for ordinary differential equations (e.g., Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation) (32G34) Connections of hypergeometric functions with groups and algebras, and related topics (33C80)

Abstract: The A-hypergeometric system studied by I.M. Gelfand, M.I. Graev, A.V. Zelevinsky and the author, is defined for a set A of characters of an algebraic torus. In this paper we propose a generalization of the theory where the torus is replaced by an arbitrary reductive group H and A is a set of irreducible representations of H. The functions are thus defined on the space M_A of functions on H spanned by the matrix elements of representations from A. The properties of the system are related to the geometry of a certain algebraic variety X_A, which belongs to the class of group compactifications studied by De Concini and Procesi. We develop the theory of Euler integral representations for these generalized hypergeometric functions (with integrals taken over cycles in H). We also construct the analogs of hypergeometric series, by expanding the delta-function along a subgroup into a power series and taking the termwise Fourier transform.

Review text

The theory of \(A\)-hypergeometric functions is a generalization of the classical theory of hypergeometric functions. When \(A \subset\mathbb Z^m\) is a finite set of characters of the torus \((\mathbb C^*)^m\), the \(A\)-hypergeometric functions have been introduced by Gel'fand, Kapranov and Zelevinsky in the late 1980s. See the survey article by \textit{I. M. Gel'fand, M. M. Kapranov} and \textit{A. V. Zelevinskij} [in: M. Kashiwara and T. Miwa (eds.). Special functions, Proc. Hayashibara Forum, Okayama/Jap. 1990, ICM-90 104-121 (1991; Zbl 0785.33008)]. The paper under review defines the \(A\)-hypergeometric functions in the general case in which \(A\) is a finite set of irreducible representations of a reductive group \(H\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINELet \(M_A\) denote the space of functions on \(H\) which are linear combinations of matrix coefficients of the elements in \(A\). Then \(M_A\) is a finite-dimensional subspace of \(\mathbb C[H]\) which is both left and right \(H\)-invariant. Suppose that \(H\) can be regarded as a subset of the dual \(M_A^*\) of \(M_A\) by means of the direct sum of the representations in \(A\). Then two spherical varieties, \(Y_A\) and \(X_A\), are associated with \(A\). Under certain homogeneity assumptions, \(Y_A\) is a conical variety, defined as the Zariski closure of \(H\) in \(M_A^*\), and \(X_A\) is its projectivization. \(Y_A\) has a natural structure of reductive algebraic semigroup. Let \(\mathbf h\) denote the Lie algebra of \(H\). For every \(h \in \mathbf h\), let \(L_h\) and \(R_h\) respectively denote the infinitesimal generators of the left and right actions of \(H\) on \(M_A\). Finally, let the elements \(f\) of the homogeneous ideal \(I_A\) of \(Y_A\) be identified with differential operators \(P_f\) on \(M_A\). Then the \(A\)-hypergeometric system corresponding to the character \(\chi:{\mathbf h}\rightarrow \mathbb C\) is the system of differential equations on \(M_A\) NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\begin{aligned} L_h\Phi&=R_h \Phi=\chi(h)\Phi, \quad h \in {\mathbf h}, \\ P_f \Phi&=0, \quad f \in I_A. \end{aligned}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Its holomorphic solutions (defined on some open subset of \(M_A\)) are called the \(A\)-hypergeometric functions. As in both the classical and the toric cases, also in the general case treated in this paper, the \(A\)-hypergeometric functions can be represented by means of power series and Euler integrals. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe first four sections of the paper present a concise and nicely written exposition of the preliminaries needed for the \(A\)-hypergeometric functions: monomials and polynomials on groups and the related algebraic geometry, formal power series and distributions on groups, the Fourier transform of the matrix coefficients of irreducible representations of \(GL_n(\mathbb C)\) and the matrix gamma function. The \(A\)-hypergeometric functions are introduced in Section 5. In the final section, some generalizations of the Gauss, Pochhammer and Appell functions are presented as applications.NEWLINENEWLINEFor the entire collection see [Zbl 0949.00022].

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