Hypertranscendence and linear difference equations

DOI10.1090/JAMS/960MaRDI QIDQ5013551zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Boris Adamczewski, Thomas Dreyfus, Charlotte Hardouin

Publication date 1 December 2021

Published in Journal of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01874

zbMATH Keywords

\(q\)-difference operatordifference Galois theoryhypertranscendental functions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Differential algebra (12H05) Difference algebra (12H10) Algebraic aspects (differential-algebraic, hypertranscendence, group-theoretical) of ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M15) Linear difference equations (39A06) Discrete version of topics in analysis (39A12) Difference equations, scaling ((q)-differences) (39A13) Difference operators (39A70)

Abstract: After H"older proved his classical theorem about the Gamma function, there has been a whole bunch of results showing that solutions to linear difference equations tend to be hypertranscendental i.e. they cannot be solution to an algebraic differential equation). In this paper, we obtain the first complete results for solutions to general linear difference equations associated with the shift operator $xmapstox+h$ ($hinmathbb{C}^{\ast }$), the $q$-difference operator $xmapstoqx$ ($qinmathbb{C}^{\ast }$ not a root of unity), and the Mahler operator $xmapsto{x}^p$ ($pgeq2$ integer). The only restriction is that we constrain our solutions to be expressed as (possibly ramified) Laurent series in the variable $x$ with complex coefficients (or in the variable $1/x$ in some special case associated with the shift operator). Our proof is based on the parametrized difference Galois theory initiated by Hardouin and Singer. We also deduce from our main result a general statement about algebraic independence of values of Mahler functions and their derivatives at algebraic points.

Recommendations

• Differential Galois theory of linear difference equations
• Hypertranscendency of first order Mahler functions
• Galois approach to differential transcendence
• Differential transcendence criteria for second-order linear difference equations and elliptic hypergeometric functions
• Hypertranscendence of solutions of Mahler equations

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Cited in

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• Ax-Schanuel type theorems on functional transcendence via Nevanlinna theory
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