Consistent systems of linear differential and difference equations

DOI10.4171/JEMS/891MaRDI QIDQ2327702zbMATH OpenWikidataFDO

Authors Reinhard Schäfke, Michael F. Singer

Publication date 15 October 2019

Published in Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.02616

\(q\)-difference equation consistent systems linear difference equations linear differential equations Mahler operator shift operator

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Difference algebra (12H10) Linear ordinary differential equations and systems (34A30) Linear ordinary differential equations and systems in the complex domain (34M03) General theory of difference equations (39A05) Linear difference equations (39A06) Difference equations, scaling ((q)-differences) (39A13) Difference equations in the complex domain (39A45)

Abstract: We consider systems of linear differential and difference equations �egin{eqnarray*} partial Y(x) =A(x)Y(x), sigma Y(x) =B(x)Y(x) end{eqnarray*} with

p a r t i a l = f r a c d d x

,

s i g m a

a shift operator

s i g m a (x) = x + a

,

q

-dilation operator

s i g m a (x) = q x

or Mahler operator

s i g m a (x) = x^{p}

and systems of two linear difference equations �egin{eqnarray*} sigma_1 Y(x) =A(x)Y(x), sigma_2 Y(x) =B(x)Y(x) end{eqnarray*} with

(s i g m a_{1}, s i g m a_{2})

a sufficiently independent pair of shift operators, pair of

q

-dilation operators or pair of Mahler operators. Here

A (x)

and

B (x)

are

n i m e s n

matrices with rational function entries. Assuming a consistency hypothesis, we show that such system can be reduced to a system of a very simple form. Using this we characterize functions satisfying two linear scalar differential or difference equations with respect to these operators. We also indicate how these results have consequences both in the theory of automatic sets, leading to a new proof of Cobham's Theorem, and in the Galois theories of linear difference and differential equations, leading to hypertranscendence results.

Review text

The paper is focused on the systems of linear differential and difference equations \[ \delta Y(x)=A(x)Y(x),\quad \sigma Y(x)=B(x)Y(x),\tag{1} \] where \(\delta=\frac{d}{dx}\), \(\sigma\) is the shift operator \(\sigma(x)=x+a\) or the \(q\)-dilation operator \(\sigma(x)=qx\) or the Mahler operator \(\sigma(x)=x^p\), and the matrices \(A(x)\in {{gl}}_n(C(x))\) and \(B(x)\in \mathrm{GL}_n(C(x))\) satisfy the condition \(\delta(B)=\mu \sigma(A)B-B(A)\), with \(C\) an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. The authors also consider the systems of linear difference equations \[ \sigma_1Y(x)=A(x)Y(x),\quad \sigma_2Y(x)=B(x)Y(x),\tag{2} \] where \((\sigma_1,\sigma_2)\) is an independent pair of shift operators, or of \(q\)-dilation operators or of Mahler operators, and \(A,B\in \mathrm{GL}_n(C(x))\). They prove that the systems (1) and (2) can be reduced to systems of a very simple form, and then they characterize functions which satisfy two linear scalar differential or difference equations with respect to these operators. Some applications of the obtained results in the theory of automatic sets and in Galois theory of difference equations are also presented.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(24)

Describes a project that uses

Uses Software

DLMF

This page was built for publication: Consistent systems of linear differential and difference equations

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2327702)