Hypertranscendence and linear difference equations, the exponential case
This paper investigates the differential algebraic nature of meromorphic solutions of linear shift difference equations with rational coefficients. More precisely, let \(\rho\) be the automorphism of \(\mathbb{C}(x)\) defined by \(\rho(y)(x)=y(x+h)\), where \(h\in\mathbb{C}^\ast\). The author studies meromorphic solutions \(f\in\mathcal{M}(\mathbb{C})\) of systems \(\rho(Y)=AY\), \(A\in \mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{C}(x))\), and asks whether such solutions can satisfy nontrivial algebraic differential equations over \(\mathbb{C}(x)\).\N\NThe main result (Theorem 1) gives a precise structural description when the solutions are differentially algebraic. If \(\mathcal{Y}=(f_1,\dots,f_n)^\top\) is a meromorphic solution of \(\rho(Y)=AY\) and each \(f_i\) is differentially algebraic over \(\mathbb{C}(x)\), then there exist \(\ell\in\mathbb{N}^\ast\) and \(\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_k\in\mathbb{C}\) such that \(f_i \in \mathbb{C}_{\ell h}(x)[e^{\lambda_1 x},\dots,e^{\lambda_k x}]\) for all \(i\), where \(\mathbb{C}_{\ell h}\) denotes the field of \(\ell h\)-periodic meromorphic functions. Thus, any differentially algebraic solution necessarily lies in a ring generated by periodic functions and exponentials. In particular, unless the solution has this very special form, it must be {differentially transcendental}. As an immediate corollary, the same conclusion holds for scalar linear difference equations of arbitrary order.\N\NThe proof relies on the parametrized difference Galois theory developed by \textit{C. Hardouin} and \textit{M. F. Singer} [Math. Ann. 342, No. 2, 333--377 (2008; Zbl 1163.12002)]. The strategy is to compare the usual difference Galois group with the \((\rho,\delta)\)-Galois group encoding differential relations among solutions. When the difference Galois group is irreducible and connected, a key argument shows that the existence of too many differential relations forces the group to be small, leading to a contradiction. An induction on the order of the system then reduces the general case to affine equations, which are treated by a refined Galois-theoretic analysis.\N\NThis work substantially extends previous hypertranscendence results for shift, \(q\)-difference, and Mahler equations. It provides a sharp dichotomy: solutions of linear shift equations are either built from periodic functions and exponentials, or they are differentially transcendental.
- A note on differentially algebraic solutions of first order linear difference equations
- Arithmetische Eigenschaften einer Klasse transzendental-transzendenter Funktionen.
- Concerning transcendentally transcendental functions.
- Consistent systems of linear differential and difference equations
- Differential Galois theory of linear difference equations
- Differential transcendence criteria for second-order linear difference equations and elliptic hypergeometric functions
- Entire solutions of a system of difference equations
- Functional relations for solutions of \(q\)-difference equations
- Fundamental solutions for meromorphic linear difference equations in the complex plane, and related problems.
- Galois groups for integrable and projectively integrable linear difference equations
- Galois groups of second and third order linear differential equations
- Galois theory of difference equations
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3207354 (Why is no real title available?)
- Hypertranscendance des systèmes aux différences diagonaux
- Hypertranscendence and linear difference equations
- Hypertranscendence of solutions of Mahler equations
- Hypertranscendency of meromorphic solutions of a linear functional equation
- On the nature of the generating series of walks in the quarter plane
- On the property of the gamma function of not satisfying any algebraic differential equation.
This page was built for publication: Hypertranscendence and linear difference equations, the exponential case
Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q6903910)
