Indecomposable inverse limits on graphs
The paper under review is devoted to the study of the indecomposability of inverse limits on graphs via properties of bonding mappings. Recall that an arc is a homeomorphic image of a unit interval. A finite connected union of arcs that can intersect exclusively at endpoints is a topological graph. Following the lead of \textit{D. P. Kuykendall} [Fundam. Math. 80, 265--270 (1973; Zbl 0285.54026)] on indecomposability in inverse limits, the author defines a 3-point property in a graph $G$ as the existence of 3 points $a,b,c$ each of which is an endpoint of an arc in a collection $J$ of arcs in $G$ with the property that each arc in $G$ with endpoints from the set $\{a,b,c\}$ contains a member of $J$. A collection $J$ of arcs in $G$ is decomposition saturated in $G$ if for any two subcontinua $A$ and $B$ of $G$, such that $G$ is the union of $A$ and $B$, there exists a member $J(m)$ of the collection $J$ which is entirely contained in either $A$ or $B$. A collection $J$ of arcs in a graph $G$ that has the 3-endpoint property is decomposition saturated. The indecomposability results of both Kuykendall [loc. cit.] and \textit{A. van Heemert} [Die \(R_n\)-adische Entwicklung von allgemein-topologischen Räumen mit Anwendungen auf die Konstruktion nichtzerlegbarer Kontinuen (Dutch). Univ. of Groningen (Diss.) (1943; Zbl 0060.39906)] are applied for the case of the inverse limit of graphs.\N\NThe author's own results from [\textit{M. Marsh}, Rocky Mt. J. Math. 51, No. 4, 1349--1368 (2021; Zbl 1486.54028)] are generalized to obtain several conditions equivalent to the 3-point property for the case of a 2-element sequence of unique arcs in a graph $G$, which in turn allows for yet another sufficient condition for indecomposability of an inverse limit of graphs. Furthermore, Ingram's indecomposability theorem for inverse limit of trees [\textit{W. T. Ingram}, Topol. Proc. 29, No. 1, 175--183 (2005; Zbl 1095.54017)] is generalized for a restricted case of graphs. Finally, several known examples of indecomposable continua are studied through the prism of bonding maps. Overall, the paper can be used as a thorough expository material on the subject.
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