Indefinite theta series and generalized error functions

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Abstract: Theta series for lattices with indefinite signature (n+,n) arise in many areas of mathematics including representation theory and enumerative algebraic geometry. Their modular properties are well understood in the Lorentzian case (n+=1), but have remained obscure when n+geq2. Using a higher-dimensional generalization of the usual (complementary) error function, discovered in an independent physics project, we construct the modular completion of a class of `conformal' holomorphic theta series (n+=2). As an application, we determine the modular properties of a generalized Appell-Lerch sum attached to the lattice A2, which arose in the study of rank 3 vector bundles on mathbbP2. The extension of our method to n+>2 is outlined.



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