Infinite dimensional cycles associated to operators
The purpose of this paper is to construct a general theory of infinite- dimensional cycles associated to families of operators and to give some estimates among them. Let \(\eta\), \(\eta'\) be infinite-dimensional vector bundles over a connected compact \(X\), and let \(F: \eta\to\eta'\) be a continuous family of Fredholm operators parametrized by \(X\). Let \(k(>0)\) be the numerical index of \(F\). Let \(r\), \(s\), \(p\), \(q\) be integers with \(1\leq r\leq s\leq p\) and \(p-q= -k\). Take complementary filtration of \(\eta\) consisting of subbundles \(\{E_ n\}\), \(\{E^{\infty-n}\}\), \(n=1,2,\dots,\) such that \(E_ 1\subset E_ 2\subset\dots,E^{\infty-1}\supset E^{\infty- 2}\supset\dots,\) and \(\eta= E_ n+ E^{\infty-n}\) for any \(n\). Let \[ \chi^*_{q,p}(F)\overset{\text{def}} =\bigl\{x\in X: \dim(\text{ker}(F^*(x)))\geq p\bigr\}, \] \[ k^{r,s}_{p,q}(\text{ker}(F))\overset{\text{def}} =\bigl\{x\in \chi^*_{q,p}(F): \dim(\text{ker}(F(x))\cap E^{\infty- s})\geq\dim(\text{ker}(F(x))-s+r\bigr\}. \] This solution cycle is interesting by itself, but it is not a topological invariant. On the other hand there is a very useful topological invariant -- the index of families of operators \(\text{Ind}(F)\). The main result of this paper is Theorem 1. There exists a cycle \(\Psi^{r,s}_{p,q}(\text{Ind}(F))\) such that \(k^{r,s}_{p,q} (\text{ker}(F))\supset \Psi^{r,s}_{p,q} (\text{Ind}(F))\), and such that the cohomology class corresponding to \(\Psi^{r,s}_{p,q}(\text{Ind}(F))\) in \(H^*(X)\) is a polynomial of Chern classes of the index of the family \(F\). This theory is applied to cycles derived from Dirac operators.
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