Infinite dimensional sequential compactness: sequential compactness based on barriers

DOI10.4153/S0008414X24000646MaRDI QIDQ6893807zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors César Corral, Osvaldo Guzmán, Carlos López-Callejas, Pourya Memarpanahi, Paul J. Szeptycki, Stevo Todorčević

Publication date 26 November 2025

Published in Canadian Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.4153/S0008414X24000646

almost disjoint family barrier barrier-sequential compactness countably bisequential space sequential compactness

Partition relations (03E02) Cardinal characteristics of the continuum (03E17) Convergence in general topology (sequences, filters, limits, convergence spaces, nets, etc.) (54A20) Function spaces in general topology (54C35) Compactness (54D30) Special constructions of topological spaces (spaces of ultrafilters, etc.) (54D80)

Review text

In [\textit{M. Bojańczyk} et al., Semigroup Forum 85, No. 1, 182--184 (2012; Zbl 1253.05134); \textit{W. Kubiś} and \textit{P. Szeptycki}, Can. Math. Bull. 66, No. 1, 156--165 (2023; Zbl 1516.54002)] we find \(2\)- and \(n\)-dimensional versions of sequential compactness, respectively. The idea is to treat a map \(f:[\omega]^n\to X\) as a generalized sequence in the space~\(X\) and call the space \(n\)-sequentially compact if for every such map there are an infinite subset~\(I\) of~\(\omega\) and an~\(x\) in~\(X\) such that for every neighbourhood \(U\) of \(x\) there is an \(m\in\omega\) such that \(\bigl[[I\setminus m]^n\bigr]\subseteq U\).\par The authors develop this idea further by using barriers for~\([I]^\omega\) (or on~\(I\)), where \(I\)~denotes an infinite subset of~\(\omega\) (see also [\textit{S. A. Argyros} and \textit{S. Todorcevic}, Ramsey methods in analysis. Basel: Birkhäuser (2005; Zbl 1092.46002); \textit{S. Todorcevic}, Introduction to Ramsey space. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (2010; Zbl 1205.05001)]). A barrier is a family~\(B\) of finite subsets of~\(I\) such that every infinite subset of~\(I\) has a member of~\(B\) as an initial segment and comparable elements of~\(B\) (with respect to~\(\subseteq\)) are equal. The first part of the paper develops properties of the family of barriers and in particular the notion of an ordinal rank. As expected if \(n\in\omega\) then \([I]^n\) is always a barrier of rank~\(n\). The definition of \(B\)-sequential compactness is like that of \(n\)-sequential compactness. For every \(f:B\to X\), where \(B\) is a barrier on~\(\omega\), there are an infinite subset~\(I\) of~\(\omega\) and an~\(x\in X\) such that for every neighbourhood~\(U\) of~\(x\) there is an~\(m\) such that \(f\bigl[\{s\in B: s\subseteq M\setminus m\}\bigr]\) is contained in~\(U\). For an ordinal~\(\alpha\) in~\(\omega_1\) a space is \(\alpha\)-sequentially compact if it is \(B\)-sequentially compact for all barriers of rank~\(\alpha\), and \(X\)~is \(\omega_1\)-sequentially compact if it is \(\alpha\)-sequentially compact for all \(\alpha\in\omega_1\). The notions get stronger as the ordinal gets larger.\par If the character of the space is less than~\(\mathfrak{b}\) then it is (\(1\)-)sequentially compact iff it is \(\omega_1\)-sequentially compact. Also compact countably bisequential spaces are shown to be \(\omega_1\)-sequentially compact and this and other results implies that many compact spaces originating from functional analysis have this property. The assumption \(\mathfrak{b}=\mathfrak{c}\) is used to construct, given \(\beta<\alpha<\omega_1\), a space that is \(\beta\)-sequentially compact but not \(\alpha\)-sequentially compact.\par The paper closes with a discussion of some cardinal invariants for barriers.

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