Injecting inconsistencies into models of PA

DOI10.1016/0168-0072(89)90048-1MaRDI QIDQ5916455zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Robert M. Solovay

Publication date 1989

Published in Annals of Pure and Applied Logic (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0072(89)90048-1

zbMATH Keywords

finite two player gamesinconsistencyinitial segmentmodels of arithmeticnonstandard modelPeano arithmeticself-referential formula

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Models of arithmetic and set theory (03C62) Nonstandard models of arithmetic (03H15)

Review text

Paris and Dimitracopoulos have shown that there exist models M and N of PA such that for some nonstandard number n, M and N ``agree up to n but do not ``agree up to \(2^ n\). Solovay's paper presents a variant of this result. The main theorem says that if M is a countable nonstandard model of PA, n nonstandard element of M which is ``much larger than r, for a nonstandard r such that \(M\vDash Con(I\Sigma_ r)\), then there is a model N of PA such that the set of elements of M which are smaller than n is an initial segment of N, \(N\vDash Con(I\Sigma_{r-1})\), and there is a proof of \(0=1\) from \(I\Sigma_ r\) in N whose Gödel number is less than \(2^{2^ n}\). A similar result with a sharper bound for the size of the inconsistency proof was given by \textit{J. Krajiček} and \textit{P. Pudlak} [Arch. Math. Logic 28, No. 2, 91-98 (1989; Zbl 0678.03026)]. Solovay's paper is self-contained and gives a detailed proof involving finite two player games G(n,\(\phi)\) which, for a suitably chosen self-referential formula \(\phi\), provide, under the assumptions of the above result, construction of the desired model N.

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Cites work

• \(\Sigma_ 1^ 1\)-formulae on finite structures
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• Monadic Elementary Formal Systems
• On the Cardinality of $$ \sum_2^1 $$ Sets of Reals

Cited in

(6)

• The scope of Gödel's first incompleteness theorem
• Illusory models of Peano arithmetic
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3941534 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4057512 (Why is no real title available?)
• Injecting inconsistencies into models of PA
• Solovay's theorem cannot be simplified

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