Injecting inconsistencies into models of PA (Q5916455)
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scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4118370
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English | Injecting inconsistencies into models of PA |
scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4118370 |
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Injecting inconsistencies into models of PA (English)
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1989
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Paris and Dimitracopoulos have shown that there exist models M and N of PA such that for some nonstandard number n, M and N ``agree up to n'' but do not ``agree up to \(2^ n\)''. Solovay's paper presents a variant of this result. The main theorem says that if M is a countable nonstandard model of PA, n nonstandard element of M which is ``much larger'' than r, for a nonstandard r such that \(M\vDash Con(I\Sigma_ r)\), then there is a model N of PA such that the set of elements of M which are smaller than n is an initial segment of N, \(N\vDash Con(I\Sigma_{r-1})\), and there is a proof of \(0=1\) from \(I\Sigma_ r\) in N whose Gödel number is less than \(2^{2^ n}\). A similar result with a sharper bound for the size of the inconsistency proof was given by \textit{J. Krajiček} and \textit{P. Pudlak} [Arch. Math. Logic 28, No. 2, 91-98 (1989; Zbl 0678.03026)]. Solovay's paper is self-contained and gives a detailed proof involving finite two player games G(n,\(\phi)\) which, for a suitably chosen self-referential formula \(\phi\), provide, under the assumptions of the above result, construction of the desired model N.
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Peano arithmetic
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models of arithmetic
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nonstandard model
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initial segment
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inconsistency
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finite two player games
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self-referential formula
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