Intertwining operators for real reductive groups

automorphic forms determinant formula difference equation intertwining operators meromorphic extension parabolically induced representation principal series representations real reductive Lie group space of smooth functions temperedness

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Representation-theoretic methods; automorphic representations over local and global fields (11F70) Semisimple Lie groups and their representations (22E46)

Review text

The authors prove a difference equation for intertwining operators between (generalized) principal series representations of a real reductive Lie group G (possessing a maximal compact subgroup K). Let P be a parabolic subgroup of G with Langlands decomposition \(P=\circ MAN\). Let \(\sigma\), \(H_{\sigma}\) be a Hilbert representation of \(M=\circ MA\), and let \(H^{\infty}_{\sigma}\) denote the space of \(C^{\infty}\) vectors. It is assumed that this space coincides with the space of \(M\cap K\)- C\({}^{\infty}\) vectors (the assumption is fulfilled when dim \(\sigma\) \(<\infty\) or \(\sigma\) irreducible unitary). Let \(I^{\infty}_{\sigma}\) denote the space of smooth functions f: \(K\to H^{\infty}_{\sigma}\) transforming on the left according to \(\sigma| M\cap K\). Let \(\nu \in a^*_ c\). Then via restriction to K, the space of \(C^{\infty}\)- vectors for the principal series representation \(Ind^ G_ P(\sigma \otimes (\nu +\rho)\otimes 1)\) (here \(\rho =\rho_ P)\) may be identified with \(I^{\infty}_{\sigma}\), and one obtains the parabolically induced representation as a representation \(\pi_{P,\sigma,\nu}\) on \(I^{\infty}_{\sigma}\) (`the compact picture of the principal series'). Let \(\bar P\) be the opposite parabolic, and \(J_{\bar P| P}(\nu)\) the standard intertwining operator, viewed as an operator from \(I^{\infty}_{\sigma}\) into itself, intertwining \(\pi_{P,\sigma,\nu}\) with \(\pi_{\bar P,\sigma,\nu}\). For Re \(\nu\) sufficiently P-dominant, this operator is defined by an absolutely convergent integral, and depends holomorphically on \(\nu\). The difference equation now takes the form: \[ b_{\sigma}(\nu)J_{\bar P| P}(\nu)=J_{\bar P| P}(\nu +4\rho)\circ \pi_{P,\sigma,\nu +4\rho}(D_{\sigma}(\nu))\text{ on } I^{\infty}_{\sigma}. \] Here \(b_{\sigma}\) and \(D_{\sigma}\) are polynomial maps from \(a^*_ c\) into C and \(U(g_ c)^ K\) respectively. This equation allows one to extend the intertwining operators meromorphically in \(\nu\) as continuous linear endomorphisms of \(I^{\infty}_{\sigma}\). In the existing literature this meromorphic extension result was only established for the case that P is minimal. On the K-finite level it was proved for general P by using the subrepresentation theorem [see \textit{A. W. Knapp} and \textit{E. M. Stein}, Invent. Math. 60, 9-84 (1980; Zbl 0454.22010)]. The authors claim that the present more general result is important for applications to the theory of automorphic forms. The paper gives another application of the difference equation, namely a generalization of Cohn's determinant formula [cf. \textit{L. Cohn}, Analytic theory of the Harish-Chandra C-function (Lect. Notes Math. 429, 1974; Zbl 0342.33026)] for the restriction of the intertwining operators to a K-isotypic component (for cuspidal P this restriction is essentially a c- function). This determinant formula implies temperedness of Harish- Chandra's \(\mu\)-function (which for cuspidal P corresponds to the Plancherel density).

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