Invariantly universal analytic quasi-orders

DOI10.1090/S0002-9947-2012-05618-2MaRDI QIDQ2839384zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Riccardo Camerlo, Alberto Marcone, Luca Motto Ros

Publication date 5 July 2013

Published in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1003.4932

zbMATH Keywords

(ultrametric) Polish spacesanalytic equivalence relationsanalytic quasi-ordersBorel reducibilitycolored linear orderscompletenessdendritesinvariant universalityseparable Banach spaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Descriptive set theory (03E15)

Abstract: We introduce the notion of an invariantly universal pair (S,E) where S is an analytic quasi-order and E subseteq S is an analytic equivalence relation. This means that for any analytic quasi-order R there is a Borel set B invariant under E such that R is Borel bireducible with the restriction of S to B. We prove a general result giving a sufficient condition for invariant universality, and we demonstrate several applications of this theorem by showing that the phenomenon of invariant universality is widespread. In fact it occurs for a great number of complete analytic quasi-orders, arising in different areas of mathematics, when they are paired with natural equivalence relations.

Review text

This paper introduces and studies the notion of invariant universality, which strengthens that of completeness, for the class of analytic quasi-orders. A pair \((S, E)\), where \(S\) is an analytic quasi-order on a standard Borel space and \(E\) is an analytic equivalence relation such that \(E \subseteq S\), is \textit{invariantly universal} for analytic quasi-orders if for any analytic quasi-order \(R\) there is an \(E\)-invariant Borel set \(B\) such that \(S \cap (B \times B)\) is Borel bireducible with \(R\).NEWLINENEWLINE The authors give a sufficient condition (see Theorem 4.2) for a pair \((S, E)\) to be invariantly universal, which is applied in \S5 to show that various known complete analytic quasi-orders paired with natural equivalence relations are invariantly universal. The examples in \S5 widely spread in a large number of mathematics areas, including graph theory (\S5.1), combinatorics (\S5.2, 5.3), topology (\S5.4), metric space theory (\S5.5), and the theory of separable Banach spaces (\S5.6). A few other examples of complete analytic quasi-orders from the literature are proven (with sketch) to be invariantly universal.NEWLINENEWLINE However, there are cases where complete analytic quasi-orders, coupled with certain equivalence relations, are not invariantly universal. One such example, an artificial one, is given near the end of \S1. A few open questions regarding analytic quasi-orders are proposed in the last section (\S6), among which is one asking for a \textit{natural} (namely, of independent interest in relevant areas of mathematics) invariantly universal pair \((S, E)\) with \(S\) being complete.

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Cited in

(13)

• Can we classify complete metric spaces up to isometry?
• On isometry and isometric embeddability between ultrametric Polish spaces
• Polish metric spaces with fixed distance set
• Universality of group embeddability
• On Ordinal Invariants in Well Quasi Orders and Finite Antichain Orders
• Invariant universality for quandles and fields
• Analytic partial orders and oriented graphs
• Invariant uniformization
• DEGREE SPECTRA OF ANALYTIC COMPLETE EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS
• Souslin quasi-orders and bi-embeddability of uncountable structures
• Uncountable structures are not classifiable up to bi-embeddability
• On the complexity of the relations of isomorphism and bi-embeddability
• The epimorphism relation among countable groups is a complete analytic quasi-order

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