Isometries of a generalized numerical radius

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2008.04.007MaRDI QIDQ947610zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Maria Inez Cardoso Gonçalves, A. R. Sourour

Publication date 6 October 2008

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2008.04.007

generalized numerical radius generalized numerical range isometry

Linear transformations, semilinear transformations (15A04) Norms of matrices, numerical range, applications of functional analysis to matrix theory (15A60) Numerical range, numerical radius (47A12) Norms (inequalities, more than one norm, etc.) of linear operators (47A30)

Review text

Let \(M_n\) be the algebra of all \(n \times n\) complex matrices. For \(0 \leq q \leq 1\), the \(q\)-numerical range and the \(q\)-numerical radius of \(A \in M_n\) are defined by \(W_q(A) = \{x^*Ay : x, y \in {\mathbb C}^n, \| x\| =\| y\| =1, \langle y,x\rangle=q\}\) and \(r_q(A)=\max\{| \lambda| :\lambda\in W_q(A)\}\), respectively. The authors show that for \(0<q<1\) a (not necessarily linear) mapping \(\varphi: M_n \to M_n\) preserves the \(q\)-numerical range if and only if there is a unitary \(U\in M_n\) such that \(\varphi(A)=U^*AU\) or \(\varphi(A)=U^*A^tU\) for all \(A \in M_n\), where \(A^t\) denotes the transpose of \(A\). They also show that \(\varphi\) is an isometry of the metric space \((M_n,r_q)\) if and only if there exist a matrix \(S_0\in M_n\), a unitary \(U\in M_n\) and a complex number \(\mu\) with \(| \mu| =1\) such that \(\varphi(A)=S_0+\mu U^*A^\dag U\) for all \(A\in M_n\), where \(A^\dag\) denotes either \(A\), \(A^t\), \(A^*\) or \(\overline{A}\).

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