Donaldson type invariants for algebraic surfaces. Transition of moduli stacks (Q1004667)

In this book, the author defines and studies an algebro-geometric analogue of Donaldson invariants by using moduli spaces of semistable sheaves with arbitrary ranks on a polarized projective surface. The existence of interesting universal relations among these invariants, which would be natural generalizations of the wall-crossing formula and the Witten conjecture for the classical Donaldson invariants, is expected. The goal is to obtain a weaker version of such relations, i.e., to obtain a relation as the sum of integrals over the products of moduli spaces of objects with lower ranks. The \(383\)-page book consists of seven chapters. In Chapter 1, the author points out three main problems: construct Donaldson type invariant \(\Phi(y)\) for a polarized projective surface \(X\) by using the moduli stack of semistable torsion-free sheaves of type \(y\), clarify the dependence of \(\Phi(y)\) on the polarization \(\mathcal O_X(1)\), and express \(\Phi(y)\) as the sum of integrals over the products of moduli spaces of objects with rank \(1\). Furthermore, the main results in this book are stated and explained. Chapter 2 is devoted to conventions and preliminaries. The author reviews basic results from geometric invariant theory, cotangent complexes, obstruction theory, and equivariant complexes on Deligne-Mumford stacks with GIT construction. Some elementary remarks about extremal sets and the twist of line bundles were also made. In Chapter 3, basic structures on torsion-free sheaves such as orientation, parabolic structure, \(L\)-section and reduced \(L\)-section are recalled. The definitions of Hilbert polynomials for torsion-free sheaves, semistability conditions, the boundedness of some flat families, \(1\)-stability and \(2\)-stability conditions, and moduli spaces of quotient sheaves with some additional structures were reviewed. In Chapter 4, the author recalls a basic result on the geometric invariant theory for the construction of moduli stacks of \(\delta\)-semistable parabolic \(L\)-Bradlow pairs, and considers a perturbation of \(\delta\)-semistability condition. The enhanced master spaces are constructed, and the fixed point set is determined. Chapter 5 consists of obstruction theories of moduli stacks and master spaces. After dealing with deformation of torsion-free sheaves, the author discusses relative obstruction theories for orientations, \(L\)-sections, reduced \(L\)-sections and parabolic structures. Obstruction theories for moduli stacks of stable objects and enhanced master spaces as well as equivariant obstruction theory of master space were then followed. In Chapter 6, the author studies the perfectness of obstruction theories of some stacks and the corresponding virtual fundamental classes. The virtual fundamental class of moduli stacks of objects with rank \(1\) is discussed in detail. Some interesting relations among the virtual fundamental classes of various moduli stacks were found. Chapter 7 began with an explanation of the way of evaluation and the transition formulas in simpler cases. Using them, the author constructs the long-waited invariants, studies the transition problems in rank \(2\) case, and gave the transition formulas when \(h^2(X, \mathcal O_X)\) is positive. When \(h^2(X, \mathcal O_X) = 0\), a weak wall crossing formula and a transition formula for variation of parabolic weights were found. Finally, the author derives weak intersection rounding formulas from weak wall crossing formulas.