Theta correspondence of automorphic characters (Q1005559)

The author describes some analogues of the Siegel-Weil formula, or, in more modern language, certain cases of global theta correspondence. The paper deals with the dual pair \(\widetilde{\text{SL}}(2)\) and \(\text{O}(3).\) The local and global theta correspondence for that pair were studied in detail by Waldspurger, but he did not consider global one-dimensional representations of \(O(3)(A),\) so, in this way, this paper complements his work. Let \(F\) be a number field, \(A\) its ring of adèles, and \(v\) a place of \(F.\) First, the author introduces a global quaternion algebra \(B,\) such that \(B(A)\) is a division algebra, i.e., the set of places \(S\) where \(B_v=B\otimes F_v\) is non-split is non-empty. He considers a set \(V\) of trace zero elements of \(B.\) He then considers the groups \(\text{O}(V), \text{SO}(V)\) and \(H=B^{\times}\) which acts on \(V\) by conjugation. The double-sheet metaplectic cover \(\widetilde{\text{SL}}(2)(A)\) of \(\text{SL}(2)(A)\) acts on the Schwartz space \(S(V(A))\) by the Weil representation. Then, using the theta function \(\theta (g,h,\varphi)\) (where \(g\in \widetilde{\text{SL}}(2)(A)\), \(h\in H(A)\)) for a quadratic character \(\chi\) of \(H(A)\) and \(\varphi\in S(V(A)),\) he constructs an integral \[ I_V(\chi,\varphi)(g)=\int_{H(F)Z(A)\setminus H(A)}\theta(g, h,\varphi)\chi(\nu(h))\,dh \] which is absolutely convergent and defines an automorphic form on \(\widetilde{\text{SL}}(2)(A).\) These forms, as \(\varphi\) varies, form the space \(\Theta _V(\chi).\) He then acts analogously and defines a similar integral \( I_U(\mu,\varphi_0)\) where now \(U\) is a one-dimensional quadratic space over \(F\), \(\varphi_0\in S(U(A))\) (the Weil representation again) and \(\mu\) a continuous character of \(\text{O}(U)(A).\) The forms \( I_U(\mu,\varphi_0)\) as \(\varphi_0\) varies, form the space \(\Theta _U(\mu).\) The main result of this paper is that, if \(\chi\) is a non-trivial quadratic character of \(A^{\times }/F^{\times }\) given by \(\chi(x)=(x,-\kappa)_A\) (the global Hilbert symbol) where \(\kappa \in F^{\times }\), \(S\neq \emptyset\), \(U\) a one-dimensional space with the quadratic form \(Q\) given by \(Q(x)=\kappa x^2\), and \(\mu=\mu_S\) (a global quadratic character of \(\text{O}(U)(A),\) non-trivial precisely for \(v\in S\)), then \[ \Theta_V(\chi)=\Theta_U(\mu). \] This equality is proved by the construction of the explicit map \(\varphi\mapsto \varphi_0\) from \(S(V(A))\) to \(S(U(A)),\) such that \(I_V(\chi,\varphi)(g)=I_U(\mu,\varphi_0)(g),\) for every \(g\in \widetilde{\text{SL}}(2)(A).\) The matching of these Schwartz functions is proved via the matching of the Whittaker functions (locally). First, it is proved that the explicitly defined (local) mapping \(\varphi_v\mapsto \varphi_{0,v}\) (for factorizable functions \(\varphi\)), at first defined only for arguments from \(F_v^{\times},\) actually extends to a Schwartz function from \(S(U_v)=S(F_v).\) Then, the author proves the local matching of the Whittaker functions in several steps, according to the Bruhat decomposition of \(\widetilde{\text{SL}}(2)(F_v).\) He treats non-archimedean and archimedean places separately.