Some properties of essential spectra of a positive operator. II (Q1007109)

The paper gives a study of subsets of the spectrum of positive operators on Banach lattices. The first result is a generalization of a result of Nikol'sky on Fredholm operators of index zero. An operator \(T\) on a Banach lattice \(E\) is a Fredholm operator of index zero iff \(T=R+K\), where \(R\) is invertible and \(K\) is a positive finite rank operator. If \(P_B\) is the band projection onto a projection band \( B\) in \(E\), then the restriction of the operator \(T_B = P_BTP_B\) to \(B\) is denoted by \({\widetilde T_B}\). If \(E\) is a Dedekind complete Banach lattice, where \(E_n^\sim \) is assumed to separate the points of \(E\), and \(T\) is a positive order continuous operator such that \(r(T)\) is not in \(\sigma_{\text{ef}}(T)\), the Fredholm essential spectrum of \(T\), and if \(\{B_2,B_1\}\) is a \(T\)-invariant chain with \(r(T_{B_2\cap B_1^d}) = r(T)\), then there exists a \(T\)-invariant chain \(\{ E = B_n, B_{n-1},\dots,B_1,B_0 = \{0\}\}\) such that if \(r(T_{B_i\cap B_{i-1}^d}) = r(T)\) holds for some \(i= 1,2,\dots,n\), then the operator \(\widetilde T_{B_i\cap B_{i-1}^d}\) is band irreducible. Properties of the Weyl essential spectrum \(\sigma_{\text{ew}}(T) \) are investigated, and the equality \(\sigma_{\text{ew}}(T) = \bigcap_{0\leq K}\sigma(T+K) \), where \(K\) is a compact operator on \(E\), is proved. If \(r(T)\) is not in \(\sigma_{\text{ef}}(T)\), then \(r(T)\) is not in \(\sigma( T+a|T_{-1}|\) for all \(a\neq 0\), where \(T_{-1}\) is a residue of the resolvent \(R(\cdot,T)\) at \(r(T)\). For a positive operator \(T\) on a Banach lattice \(E\), \(\sigma_{\text{ew}}^-(T)\) is defined as \(\bigcap_{0 \leq K \leq T}\sigma ( T - K)\), where \(K\) is a compact operator. In general, \(\sigma^-_ {\text{ew}}(T) \neq \sigma_{\text{ew}}(T)\). The authors provide new conditions for which \(r(T) \notin \sigma_{\text{ef}}(T)\) yields \(r(T) \notin \sigma_{\text{ew}}^-(T)\). The paper ends with answers to the question when \(\sigma_{\text{ew}}(T) \subseteq \sigma_{\text{el}}(T)\), where \(\sigma_{\text{el}}(T) = \bigcap_{0\leq K \leq T} \sigma(T-K)\) and \(K\) is a compact operator.