Classification of the centers, their cyclicity and isochronicity for a class of polynomial differential systems generalizing the linear systems with cubic homogeneous nonlinearities (Q1011465)

Consider the system \[ \dot z=(\lambda+i)z+ (z\overline z)^{(d-3)/2}(Az^3+Bz^2\overline z+Cz\overline z^2+D \overline z^3),\tag{1} \] where \(z=x+ iy\), \(A,B,C,D\) are complex numbers, \(d\geq 3\) is an arbitrary odd integer. Theorem 1. System (1) has a center at the origin if and only if one of the following conditions holds: (c.1) \(\lambda=b_1=3A+\overline C=0\) (Hamiltonian case), (c.2) \(\lambda=b_1=\text{Im}(AC)=\text{Re}(A^2D)=\text{Re}(\overline C^2 D)=0\) (reversible case), (c.3) \(\lambda=b_1=A-3\overline C=4|C|^2-|D|^2=0\) and \(d=3\). Theorem 2. System (1) of degree \(d\geq 5\) (odd) has an isochronous center at the origin if and only if one of the following sets of conditions holds: (d.1) \(A=\overline C\neq 0\) and \(B=D=0\); (d.2) \(A\neq 0\), \(C=(3-d)/ (d+1)\overline A\) and \(B=D=0\); (d.3) \(A=7\overline C/3,B=0,|D|=16|C|/9, \text{Re} (\overline C^2D)=0\) and \(d=3\). Moreover, the cyclicity of the equilibrium point \(z=0\) of system (1) is determined.